Huang, SB.: Finite element analysis of magnetic-geared permanent magnet in-wheel motor with Halbach permanent-magnet arrays[J]. Small & Special Electrical Machines (2016) That is indeed the problem. I have some Kadee wheelsets here and they are considerably smaller that the UK versions; see the image below (Kadee on the left, Alan Gibson on the right): Magnetism was and has been well known, for centuries, as a direct source of energy, independent of electrical generation or storage. Tesla did not see electricity as a requirement for creating motion or work, but as only one possible source of energy. A 17th century windmill creates work without electricity, and sunlight through a lens creates heat without electricity (unless one wants to create steam to turn a turbine or driveshaft and create electricity for storage in a battery.) We don’t have machines that “create energy.” We have machines that convert energy from one form to another. Real motors take electrical power as input and deliver mechanical power as output. This device has no energy input (well, clearly it DOES, since it spins, but it’s a power input that’s being hidden from viewers of the video). Thank for you for this. It is interesting to see that you are also using Neodymium magnets, although in a different way to the other posts I have found. I have already taken delivery of some 4mm radius x 1mm deep magnets and have tried glueing them to the tops of the sleepers; unfortunately, whilst this works, it is not reliable. However, it seems that you have had much more success mounting them between sleepers, so that is what I will try next... I do have a question though... You write in your blog "Each strip must be mounted with opposing poles to allow the couplings to move in operate directions"... Are the magnets marked with their poles? The ones I have here are simple silver discs, so I don't see how you can tell...

Don’t think so? How much money, power and control would be lost world wide if people no longer needed oil, coal, or natural gas? The world economy would crash if we had free energy to power our homes for even 1 year. The wold has done a HUGE amount of research on magnetics and electromechanical energy conversion – it’s extremely well-understood technology. Efficiency of energy conversion can be quite high for particular types of motors. But it is, and always will be, the case that energy must be put in before it can be taken out. Shan, X.U.E., Zhiqiang, F.E.N.G., Long, X.U., et al.: Research on permanent magnet attraction unit of Wall-climbing robot based on ANSYS. Manufacturing Automation 38(008), 22–25 (2016)To all of you who see this and become excited over it: crafting your beliefs based on what you wish could be true is folly. Educate yourself. Having researched a little further, it would seem that the real problem here is the length of the Kadee uncoupler (this includes the electromagnetic type; I have both types here); using a much smaller and precise magnet may completely avoid the problem. Here is a topic I found: Haihong, WU., Zhou, Z.: Test of all position automatic welding technology for super large diameter steel pipe with one-sided welding and double face forming [J]. Guangdong Water Resources and Hydropower (2019) It would seem that my options for replacement wheelsets are basically non-existent, which is both a surprise and a disappointment.

Mag wheels” is a catch-all for aftermarket alloy wheels. “Mag” is short for “magnesium,” a metal used in many alloy wheels of the past and in the racing industry. However, now they’re developed using a magnesium alloy, not the full element. There is no harm in experimentation and I often sigh internally at how some skeptics treat people so poorly, fueled by righteous indignation. That being said, there is a difference between the great achievements of you cite and simply trying over and over and over. There are theories that are involved and refined, new laws of physics are refined or postulated or invented. How does this apply to orbital mechanics? Actually, the theory of constructing a device that extracts electrical energy as an orbital body moves in and out of a magnetic field is very sound and would work. Sadly, Earth’s magnetic field prevents this from working on earth. A moon of Jupiter, however, could pull this off. Many have said, “but this violates the conservation of momentum! The planet keeps spinning!” Actually, it doesn’t. There’s two sides to the story of orbital mechanics. Why isn’t there already a “magnetic car” using two opposing permanent magnets shaped like a brake shoe, directly and silently turning a metallic turbine or driveshaft, without the need for an electrical generating or storage system? A set of mounting arms would simply move the magnets towards each other, and make the driveshaft spin faster. It would look like this at rest from aboveGUI Zhongcheng, Chen Qiang, Sun Zhenguo, et al.: Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society 021(011), 40–46 (2006)

Chen, T., Lyu, J., Wang, Q., et al.: Mechanistic study on boron attraction and isotopic separation with magnetic magnetite nanoparticles[J]. J. Mater. Sci. 56(7), 4624–4640 (2021) So you’re quite right –“perpetuality” (that doesn’t seem to be a word, but it sort of ought to be) is not the point. Storing and delivering energy is the point. So, there’s a couple of angles to this. What you’re talking about is putting an inductor into a spinning magnetic field. just make sure the attraction level for each roller to core are equal in every level after utilizing fractal magnetization. Secondly, well… they DO stop spinning, you just can’t perceive it. The Earth has a rotational kinetic energy of 2.138×10

Being able to optimize something to spin a long time isn’t the point. Put it in a vacuum to eliminate air drag and it will spin longer. Give it more mass so it has more rotary inertia and it will spin longer. (Those two, by the way, explain why the planets keep spinning). Lubricate your bearings so they have less loss and it will spin longer.

Eli, permanent magnets do not deliver energy in this way. Magnets, like all physical objects, have potential energy in their structure, but you can’t extract that energy via magnetic effects. The permanent magnet does not “change as you withdraw energy from it.” There are literally thousands of people out there in the world who have invented magnet devices which can rotate on their own power and thereby drive a generator without any help from external power sources. There are also people exploring plasma coil schemes which “induct” extra electrical current from the limitless potential we are swimming in. The use of these devices will be commonplace in 40 years — the need for a power “grid” and paying for energy will be obsolete. This isn’t free energy though. That antenna will put a drag on the moon and if you made enough antennas and had them sipping power long enough, the moon would slowly stop spinning. It’s just that the amount of power behind the spinning of the moon is incomprehensible compared to what you’d be extracting, like stealing sand off the beach. You ARE depleting the beach, but who’s going to notice? If you do it every day for 80 years… eventually there’ll be a hole someone will notice.An Lei, Zhang Chunguang, Chu Shuai, Zhang Junfeng, Yang Yubing, Liu Jiarui, Li Shangqing, Liu Jiahui, Wang Zihan.: Finite element analysis of permanent magnet attraction device based on Halbach array wall-climbing robot [J]. Mechanical Research and Application V. 33 No.168(04):36–39 (2020) Takeda, M., Shimoyama, I.: Analysis of the vertical driving performance of multiple connected pipe-climbing microrobots with magnetic wheels [J]. Micromachines 10(8), (2019) The problem being the difference in scales between 3.5mm & 4mm to the foot. Therefore a 3ft wheelset to HO standards (10.5mm), is much too small for OO (12mm), even if you could get one with the right spoke arrangements e.g. 8 spoke, being the most common British wagon wheel. Worse still the standard for US prototypes is that 33 inch is the most common size, thus making them extra small for OO.