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The Europa Clipper is a mission proposed to NASA to focus on studying Jupiter's moon Europa. [69] In March 2013, funds were authorized for "pre-formulation and/or formulation activities for a mission that meets the science goals outlined for the Jupiter Europa mission in the most recent planetary decadal survey". [70] The proposed mission would be set to launch in the early 2020s and reach Europa after a 6.5 year cruise. The spacecraft would fly by the moon 32 times to minimize radiation damage. [69] It is currently scheduled to launch on 10 October 2024. [71] As the name suggests, a strong focus of ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (Juice) mission is to explore the subsurface oceans of Jupiter’s icy moons. But an investigation into how life-friendly worlds form around gas giants would be incomplete without also studying Jupiter itself, its turbulent atmosphere, its enormous magnetic field, and the dusty rings and myriad smaller moons that also orbit the planet. a b Hansen CJ, Bolton SJ, Matson DL, Spilker LJ, Lebreton JP (2004). "The Cassini–Huygens flyby of Jupiter". Icarus. 172 (1): 1–8. Bibcode: 2004Icar..172....1H. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.018.

the first observation of ammonia clouds in another planet's atmosphere—the atmosphere creates ammonia ice particles from material coming up from lower depths; In total, Jupiter is surrounded by almost 80 moons, as well as rings of tiny dust particles. Whilst Saturn’s rings shine loud and clear, it wasn’t until 1979 that Jupiter’s more subtle ring system was discovered by astronomers. The age of these rings is still unknown, but various processes in Jupiter’s fierce environment destroy small dust particles, meaning that something must be constantly replenishing the rings if they are to live for very long. Destination: Europa". Europa SETI. March 29, 2013. Archived from the original on August 23, 2014 . Retrieved December 14, 2013. Galileo Project Information". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on May 27, 2009 . Retrieved May 24, 2009. As Jupiter rotates, a doughnut-shaped region of charged particles has built up around the planet, in what is one of the most intense radiation environments in the Solar System. Jupiter’s fast rotation creates a powerful natural particle accelerator that causes the particles to release radio waves. Juice will observe and characterise the charged particles and their radio emission using a suite of sensors and probes, both from inside the doughnut and from a distance, to capture how Jupiter works as an overall space plasma system. What’s more, measurements of the accelerated charged particles will improve our understanding of fundamental physics.