Let us finally explore some of Assagioli’s insights when it comes to the integration and synthesis of our manifold and often conflicting nature. As we have learned, the subpersonalities are often in conflict, something we experience when we encounter ambivalence or inner conflict. The goal is to create a personality that can express its needs and visions in a harmonious way, and there are ways to achieve this – Assagioli calls this process synthesis. However, synthesis is the goal, not the starting point. There are many ways to work with subpersonalities, which I’ll come to in a moment, but I wish to express that they each hold a degree of energy and power. The more we can step into our subpersonalities, including those we find excruciatingly uncomfortable, the more we are able to tap into parts of our latent energy. What follows is a list of the main subpersonalities, itemising the primary traits for each one. This is not a definitive list, but it does include the main antagonists. What you will see, the more closely you examine the subpersonalities, is that there are significant areas of overlap between them, which was explained in the prequel. Remember, the subpersonalities look for common interests and shared agendas, which is how the groupings within the community are formed.

What is my body image, and how do I like to express that? Do I wear make up? What kind of clothes do I wear when given a choice? Am I formal, chill, bright, dark…? This constant input of influences veils the clarity of consciousness and produces spurious identifications of the self with the content of consciousness, rather than with consciousness itself. If we are to make self- consciousness explicit, clear, and vivid, we must first dis-identify ourselves from the contents of our consciousness. Identification

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Synthesis is therefore a kind of unity in diversity, with each organ having its own individual nature and function, while also being aligned with the greater purpose of the whole. This type of synthesis does not occur naturally in the psychological world, but there are means to achieve it. There are several differences. Firstly, the most important one is that in IFS we place special emphasis on establishing relationships with a given part. We consider every part not as a mechanism of functioning of our mind, but as an internal person with whom we can establish a deep and meaningful relationship. When the parts feel recognized and heard, they relax, unbend and stop behaving in such a very extreme or vulnerable way. First is the importance of practice itself, the consistent “doing” of certain exercises that support the process of psychosynthesis within oneself over time. This identification with a part of ourselves is usually related to the predominant function or focus of our awareness, to the predominant role we play in life. It can take many forms. Some people are identified with their bodies. They experience themselves, and often talk about themselves, mainly in terms of sensation; in other words they function as if they were their bodies. Others are identified with their feelings; they experience and describe their state of being in affective terms, and believe their feelings to be the central and most intimate part of themselves, while thoughts and sensations are perceived as more distant, perhaps somewhat separate. See if you can see which subpersonalities you are most aligned to. There are usually half a dozen main players. There could be more and may be less, but this is a good guide. Don’t make the mistake of thinking that because you can identify with something in every one of them, that you somehow have all the subpersonalities active within you. What you’re looking for are the primary influencers. From there you will almost certainly find there are other sub-groupings that are fed and sustained by the main drivers.

In addition to written material, one can make drawings and other visual aids a part of the workbook. These may be of various kinds. In one category are images — which may come to you in the form of dreams, fantasies, or visualizations. In another category are diagrams, more abstract symbols, or visual aids which we can use to express our ideas in graphic form. This is useful in developing dear concepts and in communicating these concepts to others. A final category is what one might call ‘spontaneous drawing’. This should be done when we are in a relaxed state of mind and when our attention is fixed on something else—as when we are doodling.Assagioli’s early conception of the subpersonalities was partly inspired by one of the great pioneers of psychology, William James, who, in his monumental work Principles of Psychology (1890), defines the various social selves – i.e. the roles we play in society – which, in Assagioli’s terminology, are one aspect of the subpersonalities. Let us now look at the psychological elements of the subpersonalities and see how Assagioli understands their constitution. If something uncomfortable for you has emerged, feel free to park it, knowing it will revisit only when you are ready. You are safe. Parts use a variety of strategies to satisfy their needs. An internal critic may discourage us from acting to prevent us from experiencing failure, and thus having destructive impact on us (e.g. laziness, shyness, self-criticism). It can be best done by a deliberate exercise of dis-identification and self-identification. Through it we gain the freedom and the power of choice to be identified with, or dis-identified from, any aspect of our personality, according to what seems to us most appropriate in each situation. Thus we can learn to master, direct, and utilise all the elements and aspects of our personality, in an inclusive and harmonious synthesis. Therefore this exercise is considered as basic in psychosynthesis.

Engage him in dialogue and, in whatever way seems best, use his presence and guidance to help you understand better whatever questions, directions, choices, you are dealing with at the moment. (This dialogue may include words, but it may also take place on a non-verbal, visual level of communication and understanding.) Spend as much time as you need in this dialogue, and when you are finished write down what happened, if appropriate, amplifying and evaluating further whatever insights were gained. What were the valuable qualities and what were the limitations outstanding in each subpersonality? How did each help me or get in my way? By Kenneth Sørensen, 2022, the following text is my introduction to the free e-book Subpersonalities, which is a collection of 10 articles by Roberto Assagioli.The one thing these Four Subpersonalities share is the ability to induce anxiety. They voice the different kinds of negative dialogues that occur inside each one of us. How They Cripple Us At this point it is valuable to make a deeper consideration of the stage of self-identification along the following lines: