Amongst the papers of the 7th Division of SISMI acquired by the Parliamentary Committee of Inquiry are two versions of the “Gladio/1” document, which differ only in their title. One version (which is commonly referred to in the field of official Gladio documentation and which appears to have been the same sent to the Committee by the Prime Minister on March 1, 1991) translates the English expression “restatement of agreements” as “re-elaboration of agreements”; in the other version the title was simply (and unfaithfully) translated as “agreement”. which are conducted or sponsored by this government against hostile foreign states or groups or in support of friendly foreign states or groups but which are so planned and conducted that any US Government responsibility for them is not evident to unauthorised persons and that if uncovered the US Government can plausibly disclaim any responsibility for them'. Many people would no doubt be surprised to learn which country became the first target of covert action by the CIA after its inception in 1947. It was Italy. Under the auspices of top secret document NSC 4-A CIA Director Hillenkoetter was empowered to take a range of covert actions to prevent a communist victory in Italy’s forthcoming elections. Clarion: Nato network in France, Guardian 14 Nov 1990". Cambridge Clarion Group. 14 November 1990 . Retrieved 19 February 2015. Jean-François Brozzu-Gentile, L'Affaire Gladio. Les réseaux secrets américains au cœur du terrorisme en Europe, 1994, Éditions Albin Michel, Paris ( ISBN 2-226-06919-4). (in French)

Operation Gladio: An Introduction - Grey Dynamics Operation Gladio: An Introduction - Grey Dynamics

Indicios de que la red Gladio utilizó una vieja estación de la NASA en Gran Canaria, El País, November 26, 1990 (in Spanish) What was not said is that our laws and our institutions, had they been loyal to their purpose and correctly applied, would never have allowed for the rise of Gladio, nor for the extent of its duration. The laws and structures of the Republic in no way allow for the creation and operation of state organisms outside of the control of its institutions. On May 7, 1952, General Broccoli traveled to Paris in the company of Colonel Santini, mentioned earlier. The decision not to join the CPC was relayed to allies. Confirming the judgment that had already been formed on the occasion of British offers of collaboration, SIFAR thus began a long road of exclusive ties with American intelligence services, refusing any type of multilateral agreement with other NATO powers. The A.C.C. consisted of the members of the C.C.U.O. plus the US and coordinated the stay-behind activities, as was stipulated on its first meeting in April 1959 under French supervision:

Britain\u2019s Gladio

History". Scots Guards Association. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014 . Retrieved 19 June 2014. In all, 12 EU countries were affected and on November 22 1990 the European Parliament debated the issue. André Moyen, former Belgian secret agent, also declared that Gladio had operated in Spain. [77] He said that Gladio had bases in Madrid, Barcelona, San Sebastián, and the Canary islands. Operation Gladio was the codename for clandestine " stay-behind" operations of armed resistance that were organized by the Western Union (WU) (founded in 1948), and subsequently by NATO (formed in 1949) and by the CIA (established in 1947), [1] [2] in collaboration with several European intelligence agencies during the Cold War. [3] Although Gladio specifically refers to the Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind organizations, Operation Gladio is used as an informal name for all of them. Stay-behind operations were prepared in many NATO member countries, and in some neutral countries. [4]

Foreword xi - libcom.org

The judge Guido Salvini, who worked in the Italian Massacres Commission, found out that several far-right terrorist organizations were the trench troops of a secret army who were linked to the CIA. [31] Salvini said: "The role of the Americans was ambiguous, halfway between knowing and not preventing and actually inducing people to commit atrocities". [32] a b Parlementaire Commissie (1991). "Verslag van het parlementair onderzoek met betrekking tot het bestaan in België van een clandestien internationaal inlichtingennetwerk" (PDF) (in French and Dutch). Belgian Senate. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 18, 2020 . Retrieved 2007-08-01.

In the Quiet of a Small Town

A network of resistance fighters was formed across Britain and arms caches were established. The network was recruited, in part, from the 5th (Ski) Battalion of the Scots Guards (which had originally been formed, but was not deployed, to fight alongside Finnish forces fighting the Soviet invasion of Finland). [10] The network, which became known as the Auxiliary Units, was headed by Major Colin Gubbins – an expert in guerrilla warfare (who would later lead SOE). The units were trained, in part, by "Mad Mike" Calvert, a Royal Engineers officer who specialised in demolition by explosives and covert raiding operations. To the extent that they were publicly visible, the Auxiliary Units were disguised as Home Guard units, under GHQ Home Forces. The network was allegedly disbanded in 1944; some of its members subsequently joined the Special Air Service and saw action in North-West Europe.

Operation Gladio - Wikispooks Operation Gladio - Wikispooks

In April 1963 the socialists and communists did well in the polls, with members of the socialist party given cabinet posts but the success was short-lived. The following November Kennedy was assassinated and five months later the Italian socialists were forced out of office by a right-wing coup orchestrated by the CIA and Gladio units. Most sensitively the Belgian parliamentarians discovered that the secret NATO army was still active. They found that a secret meeting of Generals directing the secret stay-behind armies in the numerous countries in Western Europe had been held in the secret NATO-linked Gladio headquarters ACC as recently as October 23 and 24, 1990. The meeting of the ACC had taken place in Brussels under the chairmanship of General Raymond Van Calster, chief of the Belgian military secret service SGR ( Service General de Renseignement). [6] ready to start the coup. Then, on June 14, 1964, De Lorenzo gave the go-ahead and with his troops entered Rome with tanks, armoured personnel carriers, jeeps and Lasoen, Kenneth (2020). Geheim België. Geschiedenis van de inlichtingendiensten, 1830-2020 (in Dutch). Tielt: Uitgeverij Lannoo. ISBN 978-94-014-5819-1.Ganser, Daniele (2005). NATO's Secret Armies: Operation GLADIO and Terrorism in Western Europe (PDF). New York: Frank Cass. ISBN 978-0-7146-8500-7. In 1976, West German secret service BND secretary Heidrun Hofer was arrested after having revealed the secrets of the West German stay-behind army to her husband, who was a spy of the KGB. [12] The two major obstacles facing the commission of inquiry were firstly the secret nature of the case and the related unwillingness of witnesses in disclosing information and secondly time constraints.

Operation Gladio - Hard Evidence of Government False Flag Operation Gladio - Hard Evidence of Government False Flag

Mr. President, the Gladio system has operated for four decades under various names. It has operated clandestinely, and we are entitled to attribute to it all the destabilization, all the provocation and all the terrorism that have occurred in our countries over these four decades, and to say that, actively or passively, it must have had an involvement.' Ephremidis sharply criticised the entire stay-behind network: 'The fact that it was set up by the CIA and NATO which, while purporting to defend democracy were actually undermining it and using it for their own nefarious purposes.'Willan, Phillip (2002). Puppetmasters: The Political Use of Terrorism in Italy. iUniverse. pp.149–150. ISBN 978-1-4697-1084-6. Peer Henrik Hansen, "Falling Flat on the Stay-Behinds," International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, January 2006, 182-186. Switzerland investigated their secret armies with a parliamentary commission, producing a lengthy and detailed public report. A second level, formed by a rapid response guerrilla unit which was to be immediately activated behind enemy lines, recalling the partisan forces of WWII.