There are some types of lupus that just affect the skin – such as discoid lupus erythematosus and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Some medications can also cause lupus-like side effects. Similar to the above, in this AP picture (July 2009) "a detainee shows the marks from a caning received at a prison before he was transferred to the Lenggeng detention centre". Evidently he likewise received two strokes. Members of a commando unit in the Malaysian army get an unofficial on-the-spot caning in front of their comrades.

The whipping post came into use in 1885, according to the Maryland Historical Society Library. JCP in Maryland had been revived in 1882, but only for wife-beaters (maximum 40 lashes). It remained on the statute books until 1953.This is supposed to represent a punishment carried out in Newfoundland in the early 1700s by the "fishing admiral". It shows a cat-o'-four-tails, and appears in J.A. Cochrane, The Story of Newfoundland, Montreal, 1938. We should bear in mind that the drawing was probably made in 1938 and not in the 1700s, so may or may not be reliable. A Texas high-school principal is suspended over allegations that he paddled a student too hard. Bruises are seen. Syria/Iraq: Whippings by insurgent forces, including ISIS, who at the time had taken control of parts of both countries. Five films. Side effects of hydroxychloroquine are uncommon, but may include indigestion, diarrhoea, headaches andrashes.

United States: TV news anchor Shepard Smith describes getting paddled at his private school in the late 1970s. A jocular birthday paddling in a classroom, date and location unknown. The implement used might be the school's real paddle. Drawing from Andersonville: A story of rebel military prisons (1879) illustrating punishment employed in c.1864 by Sergeant A.R. Hill, boss of a Civil War prisoner-of-war camp in Georgia which contained 45,000 men. "The instrument used was what is called in the South a 'shake' -- a split shingle, a yard or more long, and with one end whittled down to form a handle. The culprit was made to bend down until he could catch around his ankles with his hands. The part of the body thus brought into prominence was denuded of clothing and 'spanked' from one to twenty times." United States: A follow-up report (Dec 2008) on the above. Two coaches are fired for illegal paddling in Chicago schools.As well as being found innocent of assault, Chief Martin was cleared by the Court of Appeal on all the other, lesser counts against him (except for one minor bureaucratic technicality), thus vindicating his choice of corporal punishment as one means to help keep these youngsters out of the criminal system. In a police station in the Indian part of Punjab (2010), a youth is punished with the "patta", more often seen in Pakistani Punjab. People with SLE are more likely to develop CVDthan the general population, because SLE can cause your heart and arteries to become inflamed and damaged. Pictures from Amnesty International article (Aug 2009) about the treatment of foreigners detained for immigration offences. Each appears to have received two strokes of the rotan. This dates from the mid-19th century and was originally at the courthouse in Sydney, Nova Scotia. It is now part of a display of Cape Breton culture at the Joan Harriss Cruise Pavilion. My informant says that it is about 7 feet high.

United States: 4-minute TV news debate on school paddling (Sep 2013) arising out of the case of a mother in Alabama who objected to it. United States: Two news clips (2008) about a Texas judge who offered parents the option of paddling their youngsters in his courtroom. United Kingdom: TV news item about the European Court of Human Rights ruling in the Scottish tawse case (1982). We now have a much better-quality version of the first of the above two pictures. It also gives a wider view of the watching crowd. Raynaud’s phenomenon a condition that limits the blood supply to your hands and feetwhen it is cold

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A new report notes that paddling numbers are high in Alabama. A local TV report (Aug 2009) finds differing opinions, and interviews a school superintendent who says many parents support CP. United States: TV news report, July 2012: A school district in Tennessee decides that parents will be assumed to consent to CP unless they state to the contrary in writing (instead of the other way round). Zwettl is a town in Lower Austria. This machine is in its local museum. It looks at first glance like a guillotine for beheading people, but evidently the device at the head end is just for holding the culprit's head firm during the flogging. Note straps/chains for securing lower body to bench. United States: TV news report (Feb 2015) about an (unsuccessful) attempt to abolish school paddling in Tennessee.