Neal, John (February 1817). "Essay on Duelling". The Portico. Vol.3 (January–June 1817), no.2. Baltimore, Maryland: Neale Willis & Cole. pp.132–133. M.L. Dames (1918). Travels of Duerte Barbosa. London. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) The duel was based on a code of honor. Duels were fought not to kill the opponent but to gain "satisfaction", that is, to restore one's honor by demonstrating a willingness to risk one's life for it. As such, the tradition of dueling was reserved for the male members of nobility; however, in the modern era, it extended to those of the upper classes. On occasion, duels with swords or pistols were fought between women. [1] [2]

Duels with the bolo knife were prominent in North and Central Philippines, common in farmlands where the machete-like bolo is commonly used as a domestic tool. A duel reported internationally occurred on 14 April 1920 by Prescott Journal Miner which was known as "The First Bolo Duel in Manila since the American Occupation". It happened when Ángel Umali and Tranquilino Paglinawan met with friends in a vacant lot near the city centre before dusk to settle a feud; Paglinawan lost his left hand. With no law against bolo fights, Umali was charged for a petty crime. [117] Kinard, Jeff (2003). Pistols: an illustrated history of their impact. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p.31. ISBN 1-85109-475-X. OCLC 60395313. Philippine Martial Arts Institute – Traditional Filipino Weapons". Marcialtirada.net . Retrieved 2012-10-22. In Scotland, James Stuart of Dunearn, was tried and acquitted after a duel that fatally wounded Sir Alexander Boswell. George Buchan published his own examination of arguments in favour of duelling alongside an account of the trial, taken in shorthand. [42] Other duels have been fought in Scotland mostly between soldiers or the gentry with several subsequently brought to the law courts. [43] Canada [ edit ] The Catholic Church was critical of dueling throughout medieval history, frowning both on the traditions of judicial combat and on the duel on points of honor among the nobility. Judicial duels were deprecated by the Lateran Council of 1215, but the judicial duel persisted in the Holy Roman Empire into the 15th century. [10] The word duel comes from the Latin duellum, cognate with bellum, meaning 'war'.Banks, Stephen. "Very little law in the case: Contests of Honour and the Subversion of the English Criminal Courts, 1780-1845" (2008) 19(3) King's Law Journal 575–594.

The American Experience | Dueling, American Style". PBS. Archived from the original on 2012-11-11 . Retrieved 2012-10-22.

Jensen, Jeffrey L.; Ramey, Adam J. (2020-06-09). "Going postal: State capacity and violent dispute resolution". Journal of Comparative Economics. 48 (4): 779–796. doi: 10.1016/j.jce.2020.05.007. ISSN 0147-5967. S2CID 226195079.