Active transport: The movement of molecules across membranes that requires the use of cellular energy to perform this transport Sphenoid sinuses. The central part of the sphenoid bone is riddled with air cavities, the sphenoid sinuses. Outlet and inlet. The dimensions of the cavity, particularly the outlet (the inferior opening of the pelvis measured between the ischial spines, and the inlet (superior opening between the right and left sides of the pelvic brim) are critical, and thus they are carefully measured by the obstetrician. Cross matching. Cross matching involves testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipient’s serum and of the recipient’s RBCs by the donor serum;

Anatomy and Physiology Study Guides and Reviewer - Nurseslabs

As we have seen, blood is vital for transporting substances through the body; when blood is lost, the blood vessels constrict and the bone marrow steps up blood cell formation in an attempt to keep the circulation going. Human Blood Groups Dense connective tissue lies in a matrix of strong collagen fibers. Tendons and ligaments, as more fully described below in the section on the Muscular System, are comprised of dense connective tissue. Supporting Connective Tissue Spinous process. The spinous process is long and hooks sharply downward, causing the vertebra to look like a giraffe’s head viewed from the side.Hinge joint. In a hinge joint, the cylindrical end of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another bone; angular movement is allowed in just one plane, like a mechanical hinge; hinge joints are classified as uniaxial; they allow movement in only one axis, and examples are the elbow joint, ankle joint, and the joints between the phalanges of the fingers. Read over Anatomy and Physiology content before each class. Reading before class helps students gain a deeper understanding when the professor lectures the information in class. If there are any questions or if certain concepts need further explanations, students know just what questions to ask. Canaliculi. Tiny canals, canaliculi, radiate outward from the central canals to all lacunae; the canaliculi form a transportation system that connects all the bone cells to the nutrient supply through the hard bone matrix.

Skeletal System Anatomy and Physiology - Nurseslabs Skeletal System Anatomy and Physiology - Nurseslabs

Short bones. Short bones are generally cube-shaped and mostly contains spongy bone; sesamoid bones, which form within tendons, are a special type of short bone. Foramina. The transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae contain foramina ( openings) through which the vertebral arteries pass on their way to the brain above. Obturator foramen. An opening that allows blood vessels and nerves to pass into the anterior part of the thigh. Lymphocytes. Lymphocytes have a large, dark purple nucleus that occupies most of the cell volume; they tend to take up residence in lymphatic tissues, where they play an important role in the immune response. Trochlea and capitulum. At the distal end of the humerus is the medial trochlea, which looks somewhat like a spool, and the lateral ball-like capitulum; both of these processes articulate with the bones of the forearm.As a nurse always on the move, learning anatomy can feel daunting or even impossible. Taking care of tens of patients each shift is definitely no easy feat. Nursing students face an equally challenging mission of balancing sleep, academics, and social life. On top of that, studies have shown that students forget up to 46.5% of neuroanatomy in particular anywhere between one semester and one year after its completion. Constantly re-learning an oftentimes mind-numbing subject like anatomy is something you definitely need to avoid (reviewing is a different matter, but we’ll get to that later). Therefore, you need to learn smartly. But how? By teaching it! False ribs. False ribs, the next five pairs, either attach indirectly to the sternum or are not attached to the sternum at all. The structure of a long bone is shown both through gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross Anatomy Phalanges. The phalanges are the bones of the fingers; each hand contains 14 phalanges; there are three in each finger (proximal, middle, and distal), except in the thumb, which has only two )proximal and distal.

Anatomy and Physiology Nursing Quiz Questions - The Nurse Page Anatomy and Physiology Nursing Quiz Questions - The Nurse Page

Below are some terms relating to anatomy, anatomical structures and anatomical directions that you must be familiar with. Mature erythrocytes. Within 2 days of release, they have rejected the remaining ER and have become fully functioning erythrocytes; the entire developmental process from hemocytoblast to mature RBC takes 3 to 5 days.Interphase during which time the chromosomes share and retain genetic DNA material and duplicate to create homologous chromosomes Joints, also called articulations, have two functions: they hold the bones together securely, but also give the rigid skeleton mobility.

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Anti-Rh antibodies. Unlike the antibodies of the ABO system, anti-Rh antibodies are not automatically formed and present in the blood of Rh- (Rh-negative) individuals. Two mitochondria from mammalian lung tissue displaying their matrix and membranes as shown by electron microscopy The autonomic nervous system controls automatic and involuntary physiological functions of the body that are outside of our control. Some of the physiological functions under the control of the autonomic, or automatic, nervous system are the movements of smooth, involuntary muscles, in contrast to voluntary skeletal muscles, like those that create peristalsis in the digestive system and the constriction of the eye's pupil when it is exposed to light. Muscle fibers are stimulated or innervated by nerves to contract and relax under voluntary control. Smooth Muscle

Loose connective tissue lies in a soft matrix such as fluid and/or fibers. Fat, which is called adipose tissue, is an example of loose connective tissue. Dense Connective Tissue Jugular foramen. The jugular foramen, at the junction of the occipital and temporal bones, allows passage of the jugular vein, the largest vein of the head, which drains the brain; just anterior to it in the cranial cavity is the internal acoustic meatus, which transmits cranial nerves VII and VIII. Parietal bones. The paired parietal bones form most of the superior and lateral walls of the cranium; they meet in the midline of the skull at the sagittal suture and form the coronal suture, where they meet the frontal bone. The somatic nervous system, in sharp contrast to the autonomic nervous system, controls voluntary physiological bodily functions such as voluntary muscular movement with the skeletal muscles of the body. The somatic nervous system has efferent nerves which send and receive motor function related nerve signals and also efferent nerves which send and receive sensory function related nerve signals. Color. Depending on the amount of oxygen it is carrying, the color of blood varies from scarlet (oxygen-rich) to a dull red (oxygen-poor).