Moroccan hashish,” concluded its 2011 study, “remained the most consumed resin [on European markets]. The moisture present in the flower, Dry Sift, or ice water hash will create steam pressure and force the oil from the source creating a solventless hash product. Hashish played a significant role in the treatment of pain, migraine, dysmenorrhea, pertussis, asthma and insomnia in Europe and USA towards the end of the 19th century.

Ibn Taymiyya was writing at a time when many Muslim states and societies were struggling to survive the Mongols’ onslaught and therefore he may have been biased in his claim, wishing to attribute all the ills of what he perceived as the decadence of the Islamic World to external causes. It is quite possible that this Afghan-specific wild hemp type gradually became cultivated hemp and thus its main product – hashish or chars – became known as ‘Afghan Black’. Marijuana concentrates are often referred to as 710, wax, ear wax, honey oil, budder, butane hash oil, butane honey oil (BHO), shatter, dabs (dabbing), black glass, and errl. The 103 third parties who use cookies on this service do so for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalized ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products.UNODC also said that in the late 2000s and early 2010s, hashish production declined in Morocco and resumed in both Afghanistan and Lebanon; it reported that Afghanistan was the biggest hashish producer in the world. Charas was discovered when cannabis harvesters noticed their hands were coated with the plant’s sticky resin. As a result, Afghanistan, along with Pakistan and Lebanon, became a major supplier of cannabis resin to Europe for a period of about ten years before the large-scale arrival of Moroccan resin in the early 1980s and the concomitant expansion of European consumer markets.

He argued in his paper that the traditional use of cannabis in the Ayurvedic and Unani practices should be allowed.Meanwhile, it seems certain that cannabis was being used at this time in what is now Afghanistan (the lack of written sources does not indicate a lack of use).