The cold-pressed, virgin and unrefined oils from hemp and milk thistle seeds were obtained from Olejowe Smaki company (north-east Poland, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Bialystok). The seeds used to produce the oils came from Polish plantations. The use of plant materials in the present study complies with the international, national, and institutional guidelines and legislation. The seeds were gently crushed and then pressed in a screw press at a temperature not exceeding 40 ° C. The seeds were crushed only once. The oils have only been cleaned by sedimentation, not exposed to high temperatures, chemicals or water. No preservatives, additives or dyes were added. Methanol (CH 3OH), ethanol (C 2H 5OH), n-hexane (C 6H 14), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, deionized H 2O, sodium carbonate (Na 2CO 3), acetate buffer, phosphate buffer pH=7, iron(III) chloride (FeCl 3·6H 2O), iron(II) chloride (FeCl 2), copper(II) chloride (CuCl 2), neocuproine (2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), ammonium acetate (C 2H 7NO 2), ammonium thiocyanate, potassium persulfate (K 2S 2O 8), Tween 20 (C 58H 114O 26), TPTZ (2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), hydrochloric acid 37% (HCl), acetic acid (CH 3COOH), chlorogenic acid, Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, isoferulic acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, epicatechin, phloridzin, L-ascorbic acid, BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), acetonitrile for HPLC, standards of phenolic compounds: gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, procyanidin B1, 2,5-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, procyanidin B2, (-)epicatechin, procyanidin C1, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin, procyanidin A2, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol, phloridzin were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chemical reagents were of analytical purity. Additionally, the purity of these compounds was confirm by FT-IR spectroscopy and melting point measurement. Oil extraction Karakuş, A., et al. (2016). Protective effect of Silybum marianum and Taraxacum officinale extracts against oxidative kidney injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. natural (colour of oil can differ slightly between bottles, but this has no bearing on the efficacy of the product)

Gobalakrishnan, S., et al. (2016). Effect of silybin on lipid profile in hypercholesterolaemic rats.Liu, W., et al. (2015). Potent inhibitory effect of silibinin from milk thistle on skin inflammation stimuli by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate [Abstract]. Raina, K., et al. (2016). Silibinin and colorectal cancer chemoprevention: A comprehensive review on mechanisms and efficacy. Nature In Bottle does not conduct or commission animal testing of any cosmetic ingredient, raw material, or formulation of any finished product in the context of Cosmetics Regulation (EC) 1223/2009. Additionally, we do not buy any ingredient, formulation, or product from any supplier or manufacturer that conducted, commissioned, or had been a party to Animal Testing. We also encourages customers who manufacture cosmetics and skin care products to avoid animal-tested ingredients and offer cruelty-free products to their customers.

Thistle ( Silybum marianum L.) is an annual or biennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The plant is native to the Mediterranean region of Europe. Today, thistle has spread to other countries in Europe, Asia, Australia, North America, and South America 11. Thistle fruits contain 30-35% oil in their composition 12, 13. The extract of milk thistle—silymarin—is a mixture of flavonolignans which is reach in silybin A, silybin B, silydianin, silycristine, isosylibin A, and isosylibin B. Sylibin is the component with high biological activity and accounts for 50-70% of silymarin 14, 15. Thistle is recommended primarily for dyspeptic ailments and liver diseases, including toxin-induced liver damage, cirrhosis, or in an adjunctive therapy for chronic inflammation 16, 17, 18, 19. The milk thistle oil is rich in bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids, tocopherols, fatty acids and phytosterols 20, 21. The extracts from seed oil effectively prevent oxidative stress and restore normal levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, and liver markers associated with liver pathologies 21, 22. The thistle seed oil is a natural source of vitamin E and is often recommended as a beneficial edible oil 17. Therefore it is used as an ingredient of dietary supplements, medicines, and cosmetics. Importantly, the health-promoting properties of oils depend on their chemical composition (e.g. content of fatty acids, phenolic compounds), which may vary from year to year and strongly dependents on plant variety, cultivation method, climate conditions and storage method 23.Meddeb, W., Rezig, L., Abderrabba, M., Lizard, G. & Mejri, M. Tunisian milk thistle: an investigation of the chemical composition and the characterization of its cold-pressed seed oils. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18122582 (2017). Leonard, W., Zhang, P., Ying, D. & Fang, Z. Hempseed in food industry: Nutritional value, health benefits, and industrial applications. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 19, 282–308. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12517 (2019). Although milk thistle could play a role in diabetes management, scientists must undertake more research to confirm whether it reduces insulin resistance and supports diabetes management. Improves allergic asthma symptoms Several studies have suggested that milk thistle has immunomodulatory effects. Researchers found silymarin stimulated the immune system. It also suppressed an overactive immune system to tamp down on chronic inflammation involved in conditions such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. Small studies mainly performed on cells in laboratories have found that milk thistle can slow cancer cell and tumor growth and possibly increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Researchers have found benefits for several types of cancer, including: