Section 17(2): it is an offence for a person to have possession of a firearm (other than a prohibited weapon or a relevant component part of a lethal barrelled weapon or a prohibited weapon) or imitation firearm at the time of committing or being arrested for certain offences set out in Schedule 1, unless that person shows that they had possession for a lawful object; Accordingly, where a stun gun is disguised as another object, section 5(1)(b) should be charged unless there is evidence of any use or intended use of the stun gun, or the commission or alleged commission at the same time or recently of other relevant offences. Section 23(1): it is an offence for a person aged twenty-one or over supervising a person falling within section 22(4) to allow that person to fire a missile beyond premises they are on, subject to them showing that they had consent of the occupier of any premises into or across which the missile was fired. Prosecutors should note that section 16 offences can only be committed with a real firearm. Consideration should be given to an attempt where the defendant expresses a belief that the weapon was a real firearm.

In Place of Fear by Aneurin Bevan | Waterstones In Place of Fear by Aneurin Bevan | Waterstones

victims should also not to be afraid to inform neighbours, friends, and work colleagues (unless they suspect that the individual is indeed the suspect in the case). They should be asked to ask them to log any suspicious behaviourPeople also come to a standstill when surprised, as they devote all their energy to deciding whether what is unfolding before them is a threat, a joke, a harmless incident. Rachael Sharman does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Partners There is overlap in some elements of the offences of CCB, stalking and harassment. Monitoring a person’s movement or social media may constitute both stalking and CCB; controlling who they meet and when they leave the house may constitute both harassment and CCB. The removal of the requirement to cohabit, so that CCB may be charged for non-cohabiting intimate or family relationships, furthers this overlap. It is important to select the charge based on an understanding of the cumulative harm caused to the victim and the harm in its totality. The evidence from the victim should set this out fully and inform the decision on charge, together with the context of the offending including the motivation of the suspect. This will also enable: the importance of focusing on whether conduct experienced by the victim in its entirety amounts to stalking or harassment, whether the police have investigated those or other individual offences

In Place of Fear by Catriona McPherson | Goodreads

Any firearm which is deactivated in accordance with section 8 of the Firearms (Amendment) Act 1988 ceases to be a firearm.Simple possession would be an offence e.g. because the weapon is a prohibited weapon, because it is a firearm for which a certificate is require under section 1 and the person taking possession does not have such a licence, or because they are disqualified from possession under section 21 Firearms Act 1968; or The Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006 (Realistic Imitation Firearms) Regulations 2007 provide two further defences. The first is for the organisation and holding of airsoft skirmishing. This is defined by reference to ‘permitted activities’ and the defence applies only where third party liability insurance is held in respect of the activities. The second defence is for the purpose of display at arms fairs, defined in the regulations by reference to ‘permitted events’. Section 170(1) of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 (CEMA) makes it an offence for any person to, inter alia: An effective strategy in the prosecution of these cases needs to involve scrutiny of the behaviour and actions of the suspect. This approach can: We become so singularly goal-directed in that moment, we may not process (and therefore cannot remember) any extraneous details such as the colour of the snake, or what we actually did to get it off us and run. Many people report “operating on instinct” with no clear memory of how they got away from, or fought off a danger. Who will fight rather than flee?

fear of disruption Key route near airport to close bringing fear of disruption

A shot gun is defined under section 1(3)(a) and 57(4) as “a smooth-bore gun (not being an air gun) which”: The Firearms Act 1968 creates a number of offences relating to the possession of firearms or imitation firearms with particular intents or in particular circumstances: For offences in which firearms are used, this should be marked by a consecutive sentence, subject to regard being had to the totality of the sentence then passed: R v McGrath (Sean David) (1986) 8 Cr. App. R. (S.) 372. Readily convertible" means "it can be so converted without any special skill on the part of the person converting it and the work involved in converting it does not require equipment or tools other than such as are in common use by persons carrying out works of construction and maintenance in their own homes" ( Section 1(6) Firearms Act 1982). where that person does so with intent to evade any such prohibition or restriction with respect to those goods.

Playing dead

This offence seeks to prevent the availability of firearms deactivated to standards below those approved by the Secretary of State and which, subsequently, may be reactivated and used in crime. Where the Firearms Officer is able to identify the weapon, component part or ammunition they should do so and indicate which offence(s) appear to have been committed. Section 5(1)(aba): any firearm which either has a barrel less than 30cm in length or is less than 60cm in length overall, other than an air weapon, a muzzle-loading gun or a firearm designed as signalling apparatus, e.g. handguns, revolvers;

Public Order Offences incorporating the Charging Standard Public Order Offences incorporating the Charging Standard

These amnesties or surrenders usually last for a short period of time and are intended to help in the reduction of the criminal use of firearms or facilitate the introduction of new legislation (particularly where there is a need to ensure that firearms that were not previously prohibited are handed over before it becomes an offence to possess them). family or friends who may have seen a change in the victim’s behaviour or witnessed the serious effect the behaviour has had on the victim Where an amnesty or surrender is in force, police officers seeking charging advice for possession of an unlawfully held or prohibited weapon should mark the file accordingly. Prosecutors cannot give an undertaking not to prosecute in these circumstances, but instead should consider each case on its merits. A firearms expert will classify the weapon as a firearm and may flag up that it has the potential to be a disguised weapon. However, the question of whether the weapon is, in fact, disguised is a question of fact for the court; prosecutors will need to ensure that they have a detailed description of the weapon on file, and a photograph will also assist. Section 36 of the Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006 creates an offence of the manufacture, importation or sale of realistic imitation firearms. It also made it an offence to modify an imitation firearm to make it a realistic imitation firearm.

Where the weapon in question is not recovered, and thus its status remains unknown, it is not duplicitous to include the phrase "firearm or imitation firearm" in a count under sections 17 or 18 of the 1968 Act. The court should adopt a cautious approach where a course of conduct is based upon a few incidents which are widely spaced in time. The issue for the court is whether the incidents, however many they may be, can properly be said to be so connected in type and in context as to justify the conclusion that they can amount to a course of conduct: Pratt v DPP [2001] EWHC Admin 483.