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At first, I questioned her motivates, her reasoning why a mare like her would adopt a filly like me in the first place. Dornbusch, S. M. (1989). The sociology of adolescence. Annual Review of Sociology, 15, 233–259. doi: 10.1146/annurev.so.15.080189.001313. Campbell, J. R. (1996). Cross-national retrospective studies of mathematics Olympians. International Journal of Educational Research, 25, 485–496. Mediation testing procedures were conducted both by using the causal-steps approach, a four-step approach in which several OLS regression analyses are conducted with the significance of the coefficients examined at each step (Baron and Kenny, 1986), and by using the bootstrapping of indirect effects approach (Shrout & Bolger, 2002). The bootstrap sample was set at 5000 and the significant confidence interval was set at 95%. A bootstrapped 95% CI that did not contain zero meant that there was a significant indirect effect (Hayes, 2017). Mediation was only tested if each of the steps in the causal-steps approach were satisfied. In all models, participants’ age, gender, ethnicity and parental education were controlled as covariates. SPSS version 24.0 using PROCESS macro was used to test the mediation models (Hayes, 2017), and SPSS version 24.0 was also used for all other models.Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (1998). Selection, optimization, and compensation as strategies of life management: correlations with subjective indicators of successful aging. Psychology and Aging, 13(4), 531. I found that no pony cared to discover the reason behind her wall-eyes, her flying and her pronunciation with words so I decided to take it upon myself to discover the reason. In the total effect test on the association between subscales of paternal psychological control and academic control, fathers’ guilt induction was negatively associated with academic achievement (C-path: β = −0.18, p = 0.031), while fathers’ devaluation was not (C-path: β = −0.04, p = 0.599). The second step was conducted including only fathers’ guilt induction, and the results showed that fathers’ guilt induction was not significantly associated with goal disengagement (A-path: β = −0.00, p = 0.944). Therefore, we did not proceed further to the next steps of mediation testing. Collectively, these results suggest that the association between mothers’ devaluation and academic achievement is partially mediated by a significant indirect pathway via goal disengagement. On the other hand, goal disengagement was not a significant mediator of the relation between fathers’ guilt induction and academic achievement. Alternative Direction Model