Osgood WH (1909) Biological investigations in Alaska and Yukon Territory. US Department of Agriculture Biological survey of North American fauna 1: 1-285. Bergerud, Arthur T. (1988), "Caribou, wolves, and man", Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 3 (3): 68–72, doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(88)90019-5, PMID 21227095

a b c COSEWIC (2011) Designatable units for caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Ottawa, Ontario, 88 pp. One Piece Manga — Vol. 70 Chapters 696 and 697, cover story: Caribou's Kehihihihi in the New World Vol. 18-19. The name caribou was probably derived from the Mi'kmaq word xalibu or qalipu meaning "the one who paws". Geist, Valerius (2007), "Defining subspecies, invalid taxonomic tools, and the fate of the woodland caribou", Rangifer, The Eleventh North American Caribou Workshop (2006), 27 (Special Issue 17): 25–28, doi: 10.7557/2.27.4.315 , retrieved 2013-12-17

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Martin, Paul S.; Klein, Richard G. (1984), Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution, Tucson: University of Arizona Press Kangiqsualujjuaq". Nunavik Tourism Association. Archived from the original on 2017-09-30 . Retrieved 2013-12-15. Racey, G.D.; Armstrong, T. (2000), "Woodland caribou range occupancy in northwestern Ontario: past and present", Rangifer, Special Issue, 20 (12): 173–184, doi: 10.7557/2.20.5.1643 a b Heard, D. C.; Vagt, K. L. (1998), "Caribou in British Columbia: a 1996 status report", Rangifer, Special, 18 (5): 117, doi: 10.7557/2.18.5.1548

Gordon, B. (2003), "Rangifer and man: An ancient relationship", Rangifer, 23 (Special Issue 14): 15–28, doi: 10.7557/2.23.5.1651 Small local populations, particularly those isolated from the core distribution of the national population of boreal caribou, are at greater risk (EC 2012:18)."Since the 1940s the decline of Rangifer caribou caribou range occupancy in Ontario has been recognized. [85] There are two populations of woodland caribou, the forest-tundra migratory ecotype, DU4, [86] Labrador caribou R. c. caboti, and the sedentary forest-dwelling ecotype DU6, [86] boreal woodland caribou R. c. caribou. The boreal woodland caribou population (forest-dwelling), estimated at approximately 3,000, make up approximately one-quarter of Ontario's woodland caribou, was designated as threatened in 2000 (and likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed) by the Federal Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada and by the Province of Ontario. [85] The migratory forest-tundra woodland caribou, numbering about 20,000 in 2007 [81] is found in northern Ontario, on the coastal plains south of Hudson Bay was not considered to be endangered. [81] a b "Woodland Caribou: Rangifer tarandus" (PDF), Department of Environment & Conservation, Wildlife Division, 2009, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-26 , retrieved 2014-01-14 a b Banfield, Alexander William Francis (1961), "A Revision of the Reindeer and Caribou, Genus Rangifer", Bulletin, Biological Services, National Museum of Canada, 177 (66) Shideler, R.T.; Robus, M.H.; Winters, J.F.; Kuwada, M. (June 1986), Impacts of Human Developments and Land Use on Caribou: a Literature Review Volume I: a Worldwide Perspective (PDF), Technical Report 86-2, Alaska Department of Fish & Game Habitat and Restoration Division , retrieved 2013-12-18 According to the 2019 Species at Risk Act (SARA), while caribou and reindeer were the same species — Rangifer tarandus — there are differences. The term "Caribou" refers to the "various subspecies present in North America" and the term "reindeer" is used to describe the "domesticated, semi-domesticated or wild subspecies found in Eurasia." [31] [32] [b] Some reindeer have been introduced to North America. [32] Woodland caribou, a rather large subspecies, is a medium-sized ungulate which inhabits boreal and subarctic environments and exhibits "tremendous variation in ecology, genetics, behavior and morphology." A distinctive characteristic of all caribou is large crescent-shaped hooves that change shape with the season and that are adapted to walking in snow-covered and soft ground such as swamps and peat lands and assist in digging through snow to forage on lichens and other ground vegetation. [12] [33] The subspecies ecotype, boreal woodland caribou, have a shoulder height of approximately 1.0-1.2 m shoulder height and weigh 110–210kg (242–462lbs). [33]

General Habitat Description for the Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou)" (PDF). Ministry of Natural Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-10. Bondarev AA, Tesakov AS, Simakova AN, Dorogov AL (2017) Reindeer (Rangifer) from Early Pleistocene of the south of Western Siberia (in Russian). In: Bogdanov AA, others (Eds) Integrative palaeontology: development prospects for geological objectives, material of the LXIII session of the Palaeontological Society, April, 3-7, 2017. Sankt-Peterburg, 173-175. The historic range of the woodland caribou covered over half of present-day Canada, [4] stretching from Yukon to Newfoundland and Labrador. The national meta-population of this sedentary boreal ecotype spans the boreal forest from the Northwest Territories to Labrador (but not Newfoundland). Their former range stretched south into the contiguous United States. By 2019, the last individual in the Lower 48 (a female) was captured and taken to a rehab center in British Columbia, thus marking the extirpation of the caribou in the contiguous U.S. [14] Newfoundland: NL1 Lac Joseph, NL2 Red Wine Mountain (a small, local population) and NL3 Mealy Mountain. [71] Woodland caribou in Newfoundland and Labrador [ edit ]a b c d "Population Critical: How are Caribou Faring?" (PDF), Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society and The David Suzuki Foundation, December 2013, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-19 , retrieved 2013-12-17 Cookie which makes possible to choose the currency you would like. If disabled the store default currency will be shown. Cookie which makes possible to choose the currency you would like. If disabled the store default currency will be shown. In their 2012 report entitled "Recovery Strategy for the Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Boreal population, in Canada", Environment Canada and SARA refer to the woodland caribou as "boreal caribou". "Woodland Caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou), Boreal population herein referred to as "boreal caribou", assessed in May 2002 as threatened by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). Vors, L.S., J.A. Schaefer, B.A. Pond, Arthur R. Rodgers and B.R. Patterson. (2007). Woodland caribou extirpation and anthropogenic landscape disturbance in Ontario. Journal of Wildlife Management 71(4): 1249–1256. In his article entitled "Woodland Caribou: A Conservation Dilemma", Idaho Department of Fish and Game biologist Peter Zager described how the range of the boreal woodland caribou had dramatically declined. [107] [94] [108]