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On 14 June, the SDF entered the al-Berid neighborhood in the western part of Raqqa, following intense fighting in which an ISIL suicide bomber was killed. [84]

Violent clashes in Al-Raqqah city and the "Islamic State" organization spares no effort to regain control of what it lost". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 26 June 2017 . Retrieved 27 June 2017. From the 1820s, Raqqa was a place of wintering for the semi-nomadic Arab 'Afadla tribal confederation and was little more than its extensive archeological remains. It was the establishment in 1864 by the Ottomans of the Karakul Janissary garrison, in the south-east corner of the Abbasid enclosure, that led to the revival of the modern city of Raqqa. [19] Syria, anti-Assad rebel infighting leaves 700 dead, including civilians". AsiaNews. 13 January 2014. Archived from the original on 25 June 2019 . Retrieved 13 January 2014. The area of Raqqa has been inhabited since remote antiquity, as attested by the mounds ( tells) of Tall Zaydan and Tall al-Bi'a, the latter being identified with the Babylonian city Tuttul. [5]Dilber Issa (12 June 2017). "Top ISIS military official killed by SDF fire in Raqqa city". ARA News. Archived from the original on 2017-06-17 . Retrieved 16 June 2017. David Sim (3 October 2017). "Battle for Raqqa photos: Isis confined to hospital and stadium, with hostages and snipers in both". International Business Times . Retrieved 5 October 2017. Great War for the liberation of Raqqa begins". Hawar News Agency. 6 June 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-06-09 . Retrieved 2017-06-06. In the 9th century, when Raqqa served as capital of the western half of the Abbasid Caliphate, Dayra d'Mār Zakkā, or the Saint Zacchaeus Monastery, became the seat of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, one of several rivals for the apostolic succession of the Ancient patriarchal see, which has several more rivals of Catholic and Orthodox churches. Further north of Tall Aswad was the Dayr al-Zakkā monastery, which was built on top of the ancient settlement mound now called Tall al-Bī'a. [11] This was the most important monastery in the city and the symbol of Christian Raqqa. [11]

A 'shift' in strategy in Raqqa city amid rising civilian, military toll". SYRIA:Direct. 18 July 2017. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017 . Retrieved 20 July 2017. ISIL took complete control of Raqqa by 13 January 2014. [25] ISIL proceeded to execute Alawites and suspected supporters of Bashar al-Assad in the city and destroyed the city's Shia mosques and Christian churches [26] such as the Armenian Catholic Church of the Martyrs, which was then converted into an ISIL police headquarters and an Islamic centre, tasked to recruit new fighters. [27] [28] [29] The Christian population of Raqqa, which had been estimated to be as much as 10% of the total population before the civil war began, largely fled the city. [30] [31] [32] Combined Joint Task Force Operation Inherent Resolve: June 10, 2017 Release # 20170610-01" (PDF). Operation Inherent Resolve.The "Islamic State: organization loses the village where more than 200 of its members were executed southeast of Al-Raqqah city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 11 July 2017 . Retrieved 11 July 2017.