Ring For Tea Bell

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The Gotenba Bell is the largest functioning swinging bell, weighing 79,900 pounds (36,200kg). It is located in a tourist resort in Gotenba, Japan. Hung in a freestanding frame, it is rung by hand. It was cast by Eijsbouts in 2006. The striking technique is employed worldwide for some of the largest tower-borne bells because swinging the bells themselves could damage their towers. The Liberty Bell is a 2,080 pounds (940kg) [31] American bell of great historic significance, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It previously hung in Independence Hall. Rostoker, William; Bronson, Bennet; Dvorak, James (1984). "The Cast-Iron Bells of China". Technology and Culture. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 25 (4): 750. doi: 10.2307/3104621. ISSN 0040-165X. JSTOR 3104621. S2CID 112143315. Large bells are generally around 80% copper and 20% tin ( bell metal), which has been found empirically to give the most pleasant tone. However, the tone of a bell is mostly due to its shape. A bell is regarded as having a good tone when it's "in tune with itself". [24] In western bell founding, this is known as "harmonic tuning" of a bell, which results in the bell's strongest harmonics being in harmony with each other and the strike note. This produces the brightest and purest sound, which is the attractive sound of a good bell. A huge amount of effort has been expended over the centuries in finding the shape which will produce the harmonically tuned bell.

Associazione Suonatori di Campane a Sistema Veronese (Italy) - https://www.campanesistemaveronese.it/ The outside of the mould is made within a perforated cast-iron case, larger than the finished bell, containing the loam mixture which is shaped, dried and smoothed in the same way as the core. The case is inverted (mouth down), lowered over the core and clamped to the base plate. The clamped mould is supported, usually by being buried in a casting pit to bear the weight of metal and to allow even cooling. [21]

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Rama (1993). Cloches de France et d'ailleurs (in French). Paris: Le Temps apprivoise. ISBN 2-283-58158-3. OCLC 414929215. A carillon, which is a musical instrument consisting of at least 23 cast bronze cup-shaped bells, is tuned so that the bells can be played serially to produce a melody, or sounded together to play a chord. A traditional carillon is played by striking a baton keyboard with the fists, and by pressing the keys of a pedal keyboard with the feet. The keys mechanically activate levers and wires that connect to metal clappers that strike the inside of the bells, allowing the performer to vary the intensity of the note according to the force applied to the key.

The tenor (heaviest bell) of the change-ringing peal at Liverpool Cathedral is the heaviest bell hung for full-circle ringing. The traditional harmonically tuned bell has a minor third as a main harmonic. On the theory that western music in major keys may sound better on bells with a major third as a harmonic, production of bells with major thirds was attempted in the 1980s. Scientists at the Technical University in Eindhoven, using computer modelling, produced bell profiles which were cast by the Eijsbouts Bellfoundry in the Netherlands. [26] They were described as resembling old Coke bottles [28] in that they had a bulge around the middle; [29] In 1999 a design without the bulge was announced. [30] However, the major bell concept has found little favour, and minor third bells are almost universally cast today. Occasionally the clappers have leather pads (called muffles) strapped around them to quieten the bells when practice ringing to avoid annoying the neighbourhood. Also at funerals, half-muffles are often used to give a full open sound on one round, and a muffled sound on the alternate round for a distinctive, mournful effect. This was done at the Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales in 1997.Roads, Curtis, ed. (1992). "The Music Machine: Selected Readings from Computer Music Journal". Computer Music Journal. ISBN 978-0-262-68078-3. Small bells were originally made with the lost wax process but large bells are cast mouth downwards by filling the air space in a two-part mould with molten metal. Such a mould has an outer section clamped to a base-plate on which an inner core has been constructed. [20] Fletcher, N.H.; Rossing, T. (2008). The Physics of Musical Instruments. Springer New York. ISBN 978-0-387-98374-5.