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Eitan, A; Aloni, B; Livne, A (1976). "Unique properties of the camel erythrocyte membraneII. Organization of membrane proteins". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 426 (4): 647–58. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(76)90129-2. PMID 816376. Petrie, OJ (1995). Harvesting of textile animal fibres. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 978-92-5-103759-1. Archived from the original on 15 March 2017 . Retrieved 14 March 2017. {{ cite book}}: |work= ignored ( help) Arabian (Dromedary) Camel". National Geographic. National Geographic Society. 10 May 2011. Archived from the original on 19 November 2012 . Retrieved 25 November 2012. Murray, Archibald James (1920). Sir Archibald Murray's despatches (June 1916 – June 1917). J.M. Dent. p. 123. A great deal of the work of supplying the troops on both fronts has been done by the Camel Transport Corps
Most camels surviving today are domesticated. [42] [77] Although feral populations exist in Australia, India and Kazakhstan, wild camels survive only in the wild Bactrian camel population of the Gobi Desert. [12] HistoryThe United States Army established the U.S. Camel Corps, stationed in California, in the 19th century. [19] One may still see stables at the Benicia Arsenal in Benicia, California, where they nowadays serve as the Benicia Historical Museum. [103] Though the experimental use of camels was seen as a success ( John B. Floyd, Secretary of War in 1858, recommended that funds be allocated towards obtaining a thousand more camels), the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 saw the end of the Camel Corps: Texas became part of the Confederacy, and most of the camels were left to wander away into the desert. [98] The karyotypes of different camelid species have been studied earlier by many groups, [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] but no agreement on chromosome nomenclature of camelids has been reached. A 2007 study flow sorted camel chromosomes, building on the fact that camels have 37 pairs of chromosomes (2n=74), and found that the karyotype consisted of one metacentric, three submetacentric, and 32 acrocentric autosomes. The Y is a small metacentric chromosome, while the X is a large metacentric chromosome. [53] Skull of an F1 hybrid camel, Museum of Osteology, Oklahoma The average life expectancy of a camel is 40 to 50 years. [12] A full-grown adult dromedary camel stands 1.85m (6ft 1in) at the shoulder and 2.15m (7ft 1in) at the hump. [13] Bactrian camels can be a foot taller. Camels can run at up to 65km/h (40mph) in short bursts and sustain speeds of up to 40km/h (25mph). [14] Bactrian camels weigh 300 to 1,000kg (660 to 2,200lb) and dromedaries 300 to 600kg (660 to 1,320lb). The widening toes on a camel's hoof provide supplemental grip for varying soil sediments. [15]
Singh; Tomar. Evolutionary Biology (8th reviseded.). New Delhi: Rastogi Publications. p.334. ISBN 9788171336395. Saalfeld, W.K.; Edwards, GP (2008). "Ecology of feral camels in Australia" (PDF). Managing the impacts of feral camels in Australia: a new way of doing business. Alice Springs: Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre. ISBN 978-1-74158-094-5. ISSN 1832-6684. Archived from the original (DKCRC Report 47) on 2012-03-29 . Retrieved 2011-12-25. Di Berardino, D.; Nicodemo, D.; Coppola, G.; King, A.W.; Ramunno, L.; Cosenza, G.F.; Iannuzzi, L.; Di Meo, G.P.; etal. (2006). "Cytogenetic characterization of alpaca ( Lama pacos, fam. Camelidae) prometaphase chromosomes". Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 115 (2): 138–44. doi: 10.1159/000095234. PMID 17065795. S2CID 21378633. The Bikaner Camel Corps of British India fought alongside the British Indian Army in World Wars I and II. [114]
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Lewis, Paul (12 July 1981). "A Pilgrimage To A Mystic's Hermitage In Algeria". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 August 2009 . Retrieved 7 March 2009. Joy for world's first camel and llama cross". Metro UK. 6 April 2008. Archived from the original on 25 November 2012 . Retrieved 29 November 2012.
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