Akkermansia Muciniphila Probiotic Granules * Live Long * Weight Control Dogadan Bizim (5)

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Derrien, M., Collado, M. C., Ben-Amor, K., Salminen, S. & de Vos, W. M. The Mucin degrader Akkermansia muciniphila is an abundant resident of the human intestinal tract. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 1646–1648 (2008). Genua, F.; Raghunathan, V.; Jenab, M.; Gallagher, W.M.; Hughes, D.J. The Role of Gut Barrier Dysfunction and Microbiome Dysbiosis in Colorectal Cancer Development. Front. Oncol. 2021, 11, 626349. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]

These bacterial preparations are known as "ghost probiotics," "postbiotics," "inactivated probiotics," and now "para probiotics." The benefits of some products have nothing to do with the organism being alive but instead are due to unique cellular components of the bacteria that are there, whether the bacteria is alive or dead. 8 That is the case with A. muciniphila.

But this isn’t entirely bad news. Research shows that in the quest for gut health, prebiotics are just as powerful as probiotics. While probiotics are live beneficial bacteria, prebiotics are the fertiliser for the bacteria you currently have. And as it appears that most of us already carry Akkermansia, it could be that all we need to do is feed them properly. Akoumianakis, I. & Antoniades, C. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors as novel regulators of vascular disease. Vascul. Pharmacol. 96–98, 1–4 (2017). Varesi, A.; Campagnoli, L.I.M.; Fahmideh, F.; Pierella, E.; Romeo, M.; Ricevuti, G.; Nicoletta, M.; Chirumbolo, S.; Pascale, A. The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 12289. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]

Bonnechère, B.; Amin, N.; van Duijn, C. What Are the Key Gut Microbiota Involved in Neurological Diseases? A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 13665. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Everard, A.; Belzer, C.; Geurts, L.; Ouwerkerk, J.P.; Druart, C.; Bindels, L.B.; Guiot, Y.; Derrien, M.; Muccioli, G.G.; Delzenne, N.M.; et al. Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2013, 110, 9066–9071. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed] David, L. A. et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature 505, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12820 (2014). Hiraoka, N. et al. Molecular cloning and expression of two distinct human chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferases that belong to the HNK-1 sulfotransferase gene family. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 20188–20196 (2000). Partula, V. et al. Associations between usual diet and gut microbiota composition: results from the Milieu Intérieur cross-sectional study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 109, 1472–1483 (2019).

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Ohshita, K. et al. Elevated white blood cell count in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 27, 491–496 (2004).