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There you have it, our brief guide to the differences between high torque and high speed Airsoft AEG gears. You should now know what type of AEGgear setyou need for your build, no matter what level of performance you seek and in what aspect.

is often considered to be the working cyclist’s groupset thanks to a reputation of being reliable and more attainable than its big brothers, Dura-Ace and Ultegra. Well, in 2022 it turned 40, and to celebrate there was a new generation R7100... but unfortunately for some, mechanical shifting and rim brakes weren’t invited to the party.

DIFFERENTIAL END GEARS:

An example of a high-speed ratio is 13:1, which means the piston cycles faster, completing a full cycle every 13 motor turns as opposed to every 18turns, as it would be in a standard gearset. This type of gearset works well with low powered springs, such as those used at UK legal velocity, and should provide a decent improvement in rate of fire,but high speed gearswill struggle with stronger springs and may fail when used with DMR power levels. The other new aspect to Ultegra is a suite of tubeless-ready wheels with full-carbon rims. Like the Dura-Ace equivalents they have 36mm, 50mm and 60mm rims. This is usually paired with a wide-range cassette at the rear. This arrangement is referred to as a 1x (one by) setup. Automatic transmissions offer a range of operating modes to accommodate different driving scenarios. These modes include park, neutral, reverse, drive, overdrive, low gear, and manual mode. Each mode utilizes specific combinations of gear engagement within the planetary gear set, optimizing performance, fuel efficiency, and driver control. The new crankset is available in 50-34 and 52-36 varieties, features Hollowtech ii technology and is available in 165, 170, 172.5 and 175mm crank lengths.

Buy Shimano Dura-Ace R9200 Di2 if you want the state-of-the-art Shimano (and arguably the overall state-of-the-art when it comes to shifting speed and customisability).The bike may also have a front derailleur, which shifts the chain between chainrings, which are part of the crankset. Unlike the new 12-speed 105 there are rim brakes on R7000, and there are hydraulic disc brakes too. Buy Shimano 105 R7000 if you want to build up a sensibly-priced bike with a groupset that is getting on a bit, but still works perfectly well. Unlike Dura-Ace and Ultegra there are no rim brakes at the 105 Di2 level, so it's disc brake only if you're going for this groupset.

Those chainsets are paired to just two cassette options, one of which is available now, that being an 11-34T. There will also be an 11-36T option coming at a later date to provide a sub-1:1 gear combination for really steep slopes. You used to (and sometimes still do) see a lot of entry-level and mid-range bikes specced with mechanical Shimano 105. It’s the workhorse of the Shimano groupset range and features on bikes covering a really wide price band. Sometimes it gets mixed with other branded parts to meet key price points, but a full 105 mechanical groupset is definitely something to look for, as it really has very few weaknesses. Shimano's engineers say they've learnt their lesson from the transition from 10- to 11-speed cassettes, which left many riders with collections of wheels that didn't work with the new gearing. They've also admitted that the previous Dura-Ace power meter had accuracy issues. This time, the power meter and crank design teams have worked together to ensure the power meter works properly. Internal gear hubs (also known as hub gears) are a popular option for commuters and those who want a robust and relatively maintenance-free drivetrain. There is a R8150 version with rim brakes that is slightly more widely available to buy than the latest Dura-Ace with rim brakes, but again it's very rarely seen on full bikes off-the-peg.

RATCHETS & PAWLS:

We’ve put together a separate guide on how to use road shifters. Matthew Loveridge / Immediate Media John has been writing about bikes and cycling for over 30 years since discovering that people were mug enough to pay him for it rather than expecting him to do an honest day's work. High torque gears have fewer teeth than standard and high speed sets, but generally have a slightly deeper engagement to allow the gears to deliver the torque necessary to pull highstrength springs without failure. Like the previous 11-speed option, the new 105 Mechanical 12-speed RD-R7100 rear derailleur uses Shimano’s Shadow RD technology, meaning that it doesn’t extend as far outboard of the bike as a more conventional design. This is intended to reduce the possibility of damage and, Shimano says, means that the derailleur doesn’t hit the chainstay in rough riding conditions.