Reflective Road Line Car Park Marking Paint (2.5 Litre, White)

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Jahn CE, Minich V, Moldaschel S, Stahl B, Jedelhauser P, Kremer G, et al. Epiretinal membranes after extracapsular cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:753–60. Either with a mirror or without, your Maths students must replicate the pattern on the blank adjacent squares, which they can use as a guide. An excellent activity for visual learners and KS1 Maths. Pupils will then begin to carry on through Year 3 and learn more about the topic of symmetry. Children will be asked to sort shapes in different polygons, ones that are symmetrical and non-symmetrical. Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) are avascular fibrous layers characterized by abnormal fibrocellular proliferation on the inner retinal surface with a prevalence ranging from 2.2 to 28.9%, and they are more common in elderly people [ 1, 2, 3, 4]. ERM involving the macular or peri-macular regions can cause visual impairment, metamorphopsia, micropsia, and occasionally monocular diplopia. Although ERMs may develop secondary to cataract surgery, retinal detachment, retinal vein occlusions, diabetic retinopathy, or uveitis and retinal tearing, most cases are idiopathic [ 5, 6, 7]. This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which 242 consecutive eyes of 121 patients (mean age: 69.7 ± 7.3 years, male to female ratio: 62:59) with unilateral idiopathic ERM were evaluated in a single institution between December 2016 and December 2017. The exclusion criteria were secondary ERM (due to diabetic retinopathy, venous occlusion, retinal tear, retinal detachment, uveitis, trauma); eyes with pseudoholes, lamellar holes, or opaque media; glaucoma; history of intraocular surgery (except uncomplicated cataract surgery); uncontrolled diabetes or hypertension; coexisting age-related macular degeneration; nicotine abuse; and refractive errors above −2 and +2 diopters.

Reflective studs are a common sight on motorways and are designed to help drivers stay in the correct lane and improve visibility in poor weather or darkness. Shimozono M, Oishi A, Hata M, Matsuki T, Ito S, Ishida K, et al. The significance of cone outer segment tips as a prognostic factor in epiretinal membrane surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;153:698–704. Shapes and patterns can have many different lines of symmetry. This all depends on how many times the shape can be folded in half, yet still remain the same on both sides. A circle, for example, has an infinite number of lines of symmetry because there are more ways of folding it in half than there are of counting. Other shapes, like a love heart, can only be folded in half one way. These show that there have been changes to the road ahead, or that roadworks are currently taking place.

Watanabe K, Tsunoda K, Mizuno Y, Akiyama K, Noda T. Outer retinal morphology and visual function in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;131:172–7. Continuous EIFL was defined on OCT as the presence of a continuous hypo- or hyper-reflective band, extending from the inner nuclear layer and inner plexiform layer across the foveal region, as described before by Govetto et al. [ 22]. Disruption of the inner segment ellipsoid zone was defined as a discontinuous ellipsoid band in the foveal region, and the presence of the cotton ball sign was defined as a round or diffuse hyper-reflective area between the ellipsoid zone and the cone outer segment tip line at the central fovea, as described by Tsunoda et al. [ 23]. The microcystoid retinal changes were described as the presence of multiple, small hypo-reflective roundish-elliptical cystoid spaces in retinal layers.

Itoh Y, Inoue M, Rii T, Hirota K, Hirakata A. Correlation between foveal cone outer segment tips line and visual recovery after epiretinal membrane surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:7302–8.Alternatively, these are one of the least common reflective studs that can be seen on the motorway. Miguel AI, Legris A. Prognostic factors of epiretinal membranes: a systematic review. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2017;40:61–79. Govetto A, Su D, Farajzadeh M, Megerdichian A, Platner E, Ducournau Y, et al. Microcystoid macular changes in association with idiopathic epiretinal membranes in eyes with and without glaucoma: clinical insights. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;181:156–65. Council MD, Shah GK, Lee HC, Sharma S. Visual outcomes and complications of epiretinal membrane removal secondary to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:1218–21. This is especially important in areas with a high speed limit, as drivers may not have time to react to sudden changes in the road if they don’t spot them in time. The reflective studs help drivers to spot these changes in the road ahead and adjust their speed accordingly.

Reflective symmetry is where a shape or pattern is reflected in a mirror line or a line of symmetry. The shape that has been reflected will be the same as the original, it should also be the same size, and it will be the same distance away from the mirror.Okamoto F, Sugiura Y, Okamoto Y, Hiraoka T, Oshika T. Time course of changes in aniseikonia and foveal microstructure after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:2255–60. When researchers are working on a project they will often think about they way they are working and how it could be improved as well as considering different approaches to achieve their research goal. They will often record this in some way such as in a lab book and this questioning approach is a form of reflective writing. 6. In academic writing For an art activity using mirrors, children might also get a lot out of this Frida Kahlo Inspired Self-Portrait Activity. Following her accident, Frida’s scope of vision was limited from where she lay in bed, so she requested a mirror be placed on the ceiling over her. This way, she could see herself and draw and paint lots of self-portraits. Hwang JU, Sohn J, Moon BG, Joe SG, Lee JY, Kim JG, et al. Assessment of macular function for idiopathic epiretinal membranes classified by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:3562–9.