Homo Sovieticus

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Cambra, Fernando P. de. Homo sovieticus. La vida actual en Rusia. - Barcelona: Ediciones Petronio, 1975. - 296 p. ISBN 84-7250-399-2 Of course, there are millions of people in Russia who are against the war. They participate in protests and support opposition to Putin's regime regardless of the risks to their freedom and even their lives. Clearly, it is different to protest in a democratic country vs in authoritarian/totalitarian regimes. We have seen it in Belarus and Russia for many years. The latest Levada polls demonstrate that the number of supporters of the war in Ukraine come to around 70 percent. Mr. Putin continues to be the most popular political figure after all that has happened. Meanwhile, 59 percent of respondents think that they do not bear any personal responsibility for the destruction and civilians' suffering in Ukraine. I believe that there has been a virus-like intervention in the social genome of the Russian nation, a product not from American laboratories, but a result of the mixing of Russian imperialism and the new Soviet man ideas in the 20th century.

Mutatis mutandis the post-Soviet period inherited these legacies, even absent Marxism-Leninism, in which, by the end of the Soviet era, no one had genuinely believed - not even its high priests. This Soviet cynicism continued to operate through the homo post sovieticus, who was now ruled by the former party nomenklatura, KGB officers, or state-owned farm ( sovkhoz) directors. The Soviet inherited patterns of behavior could probably explain a lot in terms of how the post-Soviet institutions were crafted and how the post-Communist patrimonial, authoritarian regimes cemented themselves. The homo sovieticus was made by the socialist system in a gradual way. The specific ideology of communism evoked three “virtues” in man. Obedience, fear and habit. Loyality to the system out of fear of punishment or just to be a ‘good citizen’; habit because everything was ruled and organized by the state. Each day looked very much the same. Everything was done for them and no individual initiative was allowed to take place. Some readers would be surprised to find out that there are some Putin lovers and admirers of his imperial politics among Estonians too (take a look at the Neeme Lall YouTube channel if you have some Estonian or Russian). Most of us would find such people and their behavior crazy or eccentric so they are not usually taken seriously. Nevertheless, it would be an interesting subject to explore in the future. Class, culture and political representation of the native in Russia and East Central Europe: Paving the way for the New Right?.Heller (Geller), Mikhail (1988). Cogs in the Wheel: The Formation of Soviet Man. Alfred A. Knopf. pp.27, 43, 47. ISBN 978-0394569260. Heller quotes from a 1974 book "Sovetskye lyudi" ("Soviet People"): Soviet Union is the fatherland of a new, more advanced type of Homo sapiens - Homo sovieticus.

Ethics The Code of Ethics lays down the fundamental principles of the professional ethics and conduct of the authority's staff. The historian Klaus Gestwa traces the origins of the concept of Homo Sovieticus, anewman, to the 1930s. Initially Homo Sovieticus contained both the idea of the classical Marxist image of the victorious proletariat and the belief in the supreme historical destiny of the Russian nation. Like many other myths, thenewSoviet Man had a grandiose mission to make the world a better place – he was destined to end any exploitation and oppression under the Sun and finally realize the revolutionary ideal of equality and fraternity. As Yegor Gaidar, a prominent liberal economist, warned in 1994, “The carcass of a bureaucratic system can become the carcass of a mafia system, depending on its goals.” By the time his book appeared in 2009 his warning had become reality. In the past few years this “monstrous hybrid” has started to extend its tentacles into every sphere of public life where money can be made. Examples of violence against businessmen abound. This adds up to a Soviet-style policy of negative selection, where the best and most active are suppressed or eliminated while parasitic bureaucrats and law enforcers are rewarded. What Stalin wrought by repression and extermination, today's Russia achieves by corruption and state violence. Sharafutdinova grew up in the republic of Tatarstan, an oil-rich region with a majority Tatar population, and received her PhD from George Washington University. Her first book, Political Consequences of Crony Capitalism inside Russia (2010), examined the rise of corruption in the provinces. As privatization and free elections were introduced simultaneously in the early 90s, access to power meant access to property, and vice versa. Sharafutdinova identifies two political models that emerged: ‘centralized and noncompetitive’, the system favoured by the tight-knit Tatar elite, and ‘fragmented and competitive’, which characterized the Nizhnii Novgorod region under Yeltsin ally Boris Nemtsov. In the latter, politicians aired corruption scandals over the course of nasty campaigns, leading many voters to see elections as elite infighting and to respond with apathy and protest voting. As competitive democracy delegitimized itself, the Tatar model looked increasingly appealing. Popular disillusionment with democratic institutions united the self-interest of Putin’s circle with the desires of an alienated public. This, Sharafutdinova argues, is why most Russians didn’t mind when Putin abolished regional gubernatorial elections in 2004 (according to polls) and why his popularity remained high even as oil prices dropped. However today the concept acquired another meaning. It is described as a mentality shaped in the totalitarian communist system, the complex situation of transformation, and universal social processes. Processes of indoctrination, habituation, selective memory and the constant change of situation made the homo sovieticus who he is today.Facts & Figures Annual statistics from "Baltic Films" - co-operation platform of the national film institutions in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Since the late 1980s, there have been quite a few ethical dilemmas in the air, like who to hold responsible for the various crimes committed by the Soviet regime. Public calls for collective repentance went unanswered during Perestroika or the 1990s and basically sank in the information noise, failing to reach the masses. Lev Gudkov explained Russia's inability to do historical homework by referring to the relatively late abolishment of serfdom in Russia in 1861. This was followed by several revolutions, world wars and the Soviet regime which corrupted both the concept of morality and collective responsibility. Ji pabrėžia, kad su ekspozicija turėtų susipažinti ir jaunoji karta, kuri apie tą laikotarpį beveik nieko nežino. There were gains made in combating illiteracy and promoting education for women during the 1920s. Soviet policy encouraged working-class women to attend school and develop vocational skills. There existed opportunities for women to participate in politics, become party members and vie for elected and administrative positions. Access to the political sphere, however, was extremely limited. [22]

Yuri Levada and his research team initially were leaning towards a theory that the Soviet person or Homo Sovieticus is a dying social archetype. However, they changed their position in the early 2000s and argued that the Soviet person continues to live on in modern Russian society. In other words, the Soviet man did not disappear but evolved into an "adaptable" Putin's man with equally twisted beliefs about social reality and their place in it. Antrame muziejaus pastato aukšte yra edukacinių ir kultūrinių renginių erdvių, kuriose iš anksto susitarus galima žaisti edukacinį kompiuterinį žaidimą „Sovietinis inkubatorius“. It's heart-breaking to realize that just a year ago millions of people in Ukraine and Russia gathered for holidays with their inner circle to watch the same old movies, laugh at their favorite jokes by their favorite Soviet actors and share the feast during the winter celebrations.Levada’s surveys revealed the existence of homo sovieticus, a fearful, isolated, authority-loving personality created by Communism. But in the early 1990s this type of individual seemed to be disappearing, and Gudkov was hopeful that it was just a passing historical interlude. The number of respondents, for example, who thought that homosexuals should be “liquidated” began to drop. But, then, to his horror, the numbers began to rise again in the 1990s; under Putin it became clear that most Russians were not craving freedom or converging with their counterparts in the West; homo sovieticus was alive and well. In 2016 the justice ministry classified the Levada Center as a “foreign agent.” Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union 1st Edition (Study Guide). Уривок: «homo soveticus is a sarcastic and critical reference to a category of people with a specific mindset that were allegedly created by the governmens of the Eastern Bloc.». Архів оригіналу за 7 липня 2014 . Процитовано 13 січня 2016.