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Consequently, they became a major political force in England and came to power as a result of the First English Civil War (1642–1646). Puritans who could afford to do so fled the country for the continent and were later referred to as Marian exiles. In Pakistani textbooks, Akbar, not Aurangzeb is accused of fermenting the downfall of the Mughal empire. Marprelate was never found, but his presses were discovered and destroyed at the same time the distribution network was broken.
When the Puritans established themselves in power football was among the sports that were banned: boys caught playing on Sunday could be prosecuted. The fragmentation created a collapse of the centre and, ultimately, sealed a political failure, while depositing an enduring spiritual legacy that would remain and grow in English-speaking Christianity.Some, like Jadunath Sarkar, consider him to have been an orthodox bigot, while others, like Shibli Naumani, argue that his motives were political rather than religious. Boys interested in the ministry were often sent to colleges such as Harvard (founded in 1636) or Yale (founded in 1707). However, some Puritans equated the Church of England with the Roman Catholic Church, and therefore considered it no Christian church at all. Such ethics were particularly urgent in a New World where opportunity was rich, but the source of moral authority was obscure. First articulated by the mystic thinker Sufi Ibn Arabi in the 12 th century, the concept posits that kings are bound to a certain social contract with their subjects which permits the practice of any faith, given that all religions are a pathway to God.
During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, an uneasy peace prevailed within English religious life, but the struggle over the tone and purpose of the church continued. For example, the requirement that people kneel to receive communion implied adoration of the Eucharist, a practice linked to transubstantiation.
Puritans eliminated choral music and musical instruments in their religious services because these were associated with Roman Catholicism; however, singing the Psalms was considered appropriate (see Exclusive psalmody).
Half of the passengers aboard the Mayflower, who founded Plymouth Colony in North America in 1620 CE, were Puritan separatists – those who believed the Church could not be redeemed and true believers should separate themselves from it – who were fleeing James I's persecutions. He was well informed on theological matters by his education and Scottish upbringing, and he dealt shortly with the peevish legacy of Elizabethan Puritanism, pursuing an eirenic religious policy, in which he was arbiter.With the end of Puritan rule and the restoration of Charles II, theatre among other arts exploded, and London's oldest operating theatre, Drury Lane in the West End, opened in 1663. Puritan churchgoers attended two sermons on Sundays and as many weekday sermons and lectures they could find, often traveling for miles. Many of James's episcopal appointments were Calvinists, notably James Montague, who was an influential courtier. Congregationalists or Independents believed in the autonomy of the local church, which ideally would be a congregation of "visible saints" (meaning those who had experienced conversion). Laws in Massachusetts in 1634 banned the "abominable" practice of individuals toasting each other's health.
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