Jupiter's Travels

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In late 1973, sponsored by The Sunday Times, Simon began travelling around the world on a 500cc Triumph Tiger 100 motorcycle. For four years he travelled over 64,000 miles (103,000km) through 45 countries. Most accounts from his trip are detailed in his book, Jupiter's Travels, [2] It’s interesting that it was 15 years after it was published that you got it”, Ted says. “What’s extraordinary about it ( Jupiter’s Travels), is how long it has survived and how well it is still doing. I think it’s mainly because it had the same effect on so many people as it had on you.” von Boetticher, Alexander; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Queloz, Didier; Gill, Sam; Lendl, Monika; Delrez, Laetitia; Anderson, David R.; Collier Cameron, Andrew; Faedi, Francesca; Gillon, Michaël; Gómez Maqueo Chew, Yilen; Hebb, Leslie; Hellier, Coel; Jehin, Emmanuël; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Martin, David V.; Pepe, Francesco; Pollacco, Don; Ségransan, Damien; Smalley, Barry; Udry, Stéphane; West, Richard (August 2017). "The EBLM project. III. A Saturn-size low-mass star at the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 604: 6. arXiv: 1706.08781. Bibcode: 2017A&A...604L...6V. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201731107. S2CID 54610182. L6. Davis, Andrew M.; Turekian, Karl K. (2005). Meteorites, comets, and planets. Treatise on geochemistry. Vol.1. Elsevier. p.624. ISBN 978-0-08-044720-9.

In both the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, Jupiter was named after the chief god of the divine pantheon: Zeus to the Greeks and Jupiter to the Romans. [17] The International Astronomical Union formally adopted the name Jupiter for the planet in 1976, and has since named its newly discovered satellites for the god's lovers, favourites, and descendants. [18] The planetary symbol for Jupiter, , descends from a Greek zeta with a horizontal stroke, ⟨Ƶ⟩, as an abbreviation for Zeus. [19] [20] D'Angelo, G.; Marzari, F. (2012). "Outward Migration of Jupiter and Saturn in Evolved Gaseous Disks". The Astrophysical Journal. 757 (1): 50 (23 pp.). arXiv: 1207.2737. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...757...50D. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/50. S2CID 118587166. The axial tilt of Jupiter is relatively small, only 3.13°, so its seasons are insignificant compared to those of Earth and Mars. [132] Astrodynamic Constants". JPL Solar System Dynamics. February 27, 2009. Archived from the original on March 21, 2019 . Retrieved August 8, 2007. Trachenko, K.; Brazhkin, V. V.; Bolmatov, D. (March 2014). "Dynamic transition of supercritical hydrogen: Defining the boundary between interior and atmosphere in gas giants". Physical Review E. 89 (3): 032126. arXiv: 1309.6500. Bibcode: 2014PhRvE..89c2126T. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.032126. PMID 24730809. S2CID 42559818. 032126.In Vedic astrology, Hindu astrologers named the planet after Brihaspati, the religious teacher of the gods, and often called it " Guru", which means the "Teacher". [236] [237] In Central Asian Turkic myths, Jupiter is called Erendiz or Erentüz, from eren (of uncertain meaning) and yultuz ("star"). The Turks calculated the period of the orbit of Jupiter as 11 years and 300 days. They believed that some social and natural events connected to Erentüz's movements on the sky. [238] The Chinese, Vietnamese, Koreans, and Japanese called it the "wood star" ( Chinese: 木星; pinyin: mùxīng), based on the Chinese Five Elements. [239] [240] [241] In China it became known as the "Year-star" (Sui-sing) as Chinese astronomers noted that it jumped one zodiac constellation each year (with corrections). In some ancient Chinese writings the years were named, at least in principle, in correlation with the Jovian zodiac signs. [242] Gallery Jupiter is the only planet whose barycentre with the Sun lies outside the volume of the Sun, though by only 7% of the Sun's radius. [128] [129] The average distance between Jupiter and the Sun is 778millionkm (5.2 AU) and it completes an orbit every 11.86years. This is approximately two-fifths the orbital period of Saturn, forming a near orbital resonance. [130] The orbital plane of Jupiter is inclined 1.30° compared to Earth. Because the eccentricity of its orbit is 0.049, Jupiter is slightly over 75millionkm nearer the Sun at perihelion than aphelion, [2] which means that its orbit is nearly circular. This low eccentricity is at odds with exoplanet discoveries, which have revealed Jupiter-sized planets with very high eccentricities. Models suggest this may be due to there being only two giant planets in our Solar System, as the presence of a third or more giant planets tends to induce larger eccentricities. [131] Jupiter's mass is 318 times that of Earth; [2] 2.5 times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined. It is so massive that its barycentre with the Sun lies above the Sun's surface at 1.068 solar radii from the Sun's centre. [54] [55] :6 Jupiter's radius is about one tenth the radius of the Sun, [56] and its mass is one thousandth the mass of the Sun, as the densities of the two bodies are similar. [57] A " Jupiter mass" ( M J or M Jup) is often used as a unit to describe masses of other objects, particularly extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs. For example, the extrasolar planet HD 209458 b has a mass of 0.69 M J, while the brown dwarf Gliese 229 b has a mass of 60.4 M J. [58] [59] Weitering, Hanneke (January 10, 2018). " 'Totally Wrong' on Jupiter: What Scientists Gleaned from NASA's Juno Mission". space.com. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020 . Retrieved February 26, 2021.

The Great Red Spot is larger than the Earth. [111] Mathematical models suggest that the storm is stable and will be a permanent feature of the planet. [112] However, it has significantly decreased in size since its discovery. Initial observations in the late 1800s showed it to be approximately 41,000km (25,500mi) across. By the time of the Voyager flybys in 1979, the storm had a length of 23,300km (14,500mi) and a width of approximately 13,000km (8,000mi). [113] Hubble observations in 1995 showed it had decreased in size to 20,950km (13,020mi), and observations in 2009 showed the size to be 17,910km (11,130mi). As of 2015 [update], the storm was measured at approximately 16,500 by 10,940km (10,250 by 6,800mi), [113] and was decreasing in length by about 930km (580mi) per year. [111] [114] In October 2021, a Juno flyby mission measured the depth of the Great Red Spot, putting it at around 300–500 kilometres (190–310mi). [115] One big question remains: Was this method common in Babylonian astronomy, or were these tablets the work of a few forward-thinking geniuses? There are about 4,000 to 5,000 other astronomical texts among the Babylonian tablets at the British Museum, and so far none of them have mentioned using geometry or graphs to do astronomical computation, but many other tablets still haven’t been translated. Juno missions show that there are several polar cyclone groups at Jupiter's poles. The northern group contains nine cyclones, with a large one in the centre and eight others around it, while its southern counterpart also consists of a centre vortex but is surrounded by five large storms and a single smaller one for a total of 7 storms. [116] [117] Formation of Oval BA from three white ovalsJovial". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on February 16, 2012 . Retrieved July 29, 2007. According to the method described in four of the tablets, Babylonian astronomers plotted a 60-day portion of Jupiter’s wandering path across the sky on a graph, with time plotted on one axis and velocity — how many degrees Jupiter’s path shifted each day — on the other. The figure on the resulting graph described looks like a trapezoid, and the area of that trapezoid is the total distance Jupiter travels in 60 days.

The inner group of four small moons all have diameters of less than 200km, orbit at radii less than 200,000km, and have orbital inclinations of less than half a degree. [205] Haisch Jr., K. E.; Lada, E. A.; Lada, C. J. (2001). "Disc Frequencies and Lifetimes in Young Clusters". The Astrophysical Journal. 553 (2): 153–156. arXiv: astro-ph/0104347. Bibcode: 2001ApJ...553L.153H. doi: 10.1086/320685. S2CID 16480998.a b c d e f g h Williams, David R. (December 23, 2021). "Jupiter Fact Sheet". NASA. Archived from the original on December 29, 2019 . Retrieved October 13, 2017. Jupiter has a low axial tilt, thus making it that the poles always receive less solar radiation than the planet's equatorial region. Convection within the interior of the planet transports energy to the poles, balancing out temperatures at the cloud layer. [55] :54 Great Red Spot and other vortices Close-up of the Great Red Spot imaged by the Juno spacecraft in April 2018 He went on to tell us, “One of the aims of The Ted Simon Foundation is to encourage overlanders to travel with the ambition to learn about the places they are travelling through. There is no better way to get to know people and their culture than to live and perhaps even work with them for a while. Most overlanders stumble across opportunities, but I want to encourage them to travel with intent.” He rounded that comment off with this, “The dumbest question I get asked is ‘why did you do your four year journey’? Why would you not want to know what’s going on in the world?” Maunder, A. S. D. (August 1934). "The origin of the symbols of the planets". The Observatory. 57: 238–247. Bibcode: 1934Obs....57..238M. This is one of those rare cases where time really is money," then-associate administer of NASA's Science Mission Directorate John Grunsfeld told members of Congress in July 2015.