Mayers (1876). "Chinese explorations of the Indian Ocean during the fifteenth century". The China Review. IV: p. 178. Cannons derived from western-style cetbang can be found in Nusantara, among others were lantaka and lela. Most lantakas were made of bronze and the earliest ones were breech-loaded. There is a trend toward muzzle-loading weapons during colonial times. [89] When the Portuguese came to the archipelago, they referred to the breech-loading swivel gun as berço, while the Spaniards call it verso. [90] :151 A pole gun ( bedil tombak) was recorded as being used by Java in 1413. [91] [92] :245 Whatever you decide to do, for the love of cheese, please don’t try to make colored powder bombs using tannerite or any other kind of explosive. That’s how people get killed and end up in a crazy gender reveal tragedy headline! Joseph Needham; Gwei-Djen Lu; Ling Wang (1987). Science and civilisation in China. Vol.5. Cambridge University Press. pp.48–50. ISBN 978-0-521-30358-3.

Wilkinson-Latham, Robert (1975). Napoleon's Artillery. France: Osprey Publishing. p.32. ISBN 978-0-85045-247-1 . Retrieved 26 May 2008. [ permanent dead link]The swell of the muzzle refers to the slight swell in the diameter of the piece at the very end of the chase. It is often chamfered on the inside to make loading the cannon easier. In some guns, this element is replaced with a wide ring and is called a muzzle band. cannon. Merriam Webster. Archived from the original on 20 September 2011 . Retrieved 17 September 2011. {{ cite encyclopedia}}: |work= ignored ( help)

a b Machiavelli, Niccolò (2005). The Art of War. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p.74. ISBN 978-0-226-50046-1. Archer, Christon I. (2002). World History of Warfare. University of Nebraska Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-8032-4423-8 . Retrieved 26 May 2008. While there is evidence of cannons in Iran as early as 1405 they were not widespread. [73] This changed following the increased use of firearms by Shah Ismail I, and the Iranian army used 500 cannons by the 1620s, probably captured from the Ottomans or acquired by allies in Europe. [74] By 1443, Iranians were also making some of their own cannon, as Mir Khawand wrote of a 1200kg metal piece being made by an Iranian rikhtegar which was most likely a cannon. [75] Due to the difficulties of transporting cannon in mountainous terrain, their use was less common compared to their use in Europe. [74] Eastern EuropeThe similar Dardanelles Guns (for the location) were created by Munir Ali in 1464 and were still in use during the Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809). [12] These were cast in bronze into two parts: the chase (the barrel) and the breech, which combined weighed 18.4 tonnes. [71] The two parts were screwed together using levers to facilitate moving it. Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. 27 January 2014. ISBN 9781135459321.