The Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA) has defined a list of 82 "official" Alpine summits that reach at least 4,000m (13,123ft). [33] The list includes not only mountains, but also subpeaks with little prominence that are considered important mountaineering objectives. Below are listed the 29 "four-thousanders" with at least 300m (984ft) of prominence. According to geologist Stefan Schmid, because the Western Alps underwent a metamorphic event in the Cenozoic Era while the Austroalpine peaks underwent an event in the Cretaceous Period, the two areas show distinct differences in nappe formations. [44] Flysch deposits in the Southern Alps of Lombardy probably occurred in the Cretaceous or later. [44] Zermatt in Switzerland is one of the most beautiful mountain villages in the Swiss Alps. With the Matterhorn, the 5 Lakes Trail, the village with its wooden chalets and many insider tips, Zermatt Switzerland is hard to beat for its charm. It is not without reason that it is one of the most famous places in the world. There are also great wellness hotels and ingenious Swiss food such as raclette, which comes from the canton of Valais. Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA7) regions and codes". Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Commonwealth of Australia. 2012 . Retrieved 13 January 2013. Fleming, Fergus. (2000). Killing Dragons: The Conquest of the Alps. New York: Grove. ISBN 978-0-8021-3867-5

The Alps ( / æ l p s/) [a] are the highest and most extensive mountain range that is entirely in Europe, [b] [2] stretching approximately 1,200km (750mi) across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): Monaco, France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria and Slovenia. [c] [4] Hudson, Simon. (2000). Snow Business: A Study of the International Ski Industry. New York: Cengage ISBN 978-0-304-70471-2Switzerland is divided into three units: The Swiss Alps (60%), the Central Plateau (30%) and the Swiss Jura (10%). So the mountain range of the alps make up a full 60%, which is accordingly around 2/3 of the country. Nevertheless, most people, i.e. 66%, live on the Swiss Central Plateau for example in Swiss cities such as „ Zurich Switzerland“, „Bern “ or „ Geneva“. Zampieri, Matteo; Scoccimarro, Enrico; Gualdi, Silvio; Navarra, Antonio (January 15, 2015). "Observed shift towards earlier spring discharge in the main Alpine rivers". Science of the Total Environment. Towards a better understanding of the links between stressors, hazard assessment and ecosystem services under water scarcity. 503–504: 222–232. Bibcode: 2015ScTEn.503..222Z. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.036. hdl: 2122/9055. PMID 25005239. In the high villages, people live in homes built according to medieval designs that withstand cold winters. The kitchen is separated from the living area (called the stube, the area of the home heated by a stove), and second-floor bedrooms benefit from rising heat. The typical Swiss chalet originated in the Bernese Oberland. Chalets often face south or downhill and are built of solid wood, with a steeply gabled roof to allow accumulated snow to slide off easily. Stairs leading to upper levels are sometimes built on the outside, and balconies are sometimes enclosed. [155] [156] Herding sheep in Austria

Environment Australia. Revision of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) and Development of Version 5.1 - Summary Report (Report). Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Australian Government. Archived from the original on 5 September 2006 . Retrieved 31 January 2007. See also: List of lakes of Switzerland and List of mountain lakes of Switzerland The Lac des Dix in Valais The Great St Bernard Hospice, built in the 9th or 10th centuries, at the summit of the Great Saint Bernard Pass was a shelter for humans and destination for pilgrims. [118] In 1291, to protect themselves from incursions by the House of Habsburg, four Alpine cantons drew up the Federal Charter of 1291, which is considered to be a declaration of independence from neighboring kingdoms. After a series of battles fought in the 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries, more cantons joined the confederacy and by the 16th century, Switzerland was established as a sovereign state. [119]

Benniston, Martin, et al. (2011). "Impact of Climatic Change on Water and Natural Hazards in the Alps". Environmental Science and Policy. Volume 30. 1–9 All map types that you can enable here: Alps Colour Base Map, Greyscale Base Map,  , Alps Last 1-7 days snow, last 1-3 days snow, Next 1-3 days snow, Alps Next 4-6 days snow, Next 6-9 days snow, Next 9-12 days snow, Alps  , Snow, Wind, Alps Temperature, Cloud Cover,  , Alps Snow Depths at Top Stations, Snow Depths at all Resort Elevations, Fresh Snow Depths in Resorts, Alps Snow Depths at Resorts above 1500m, Snow Depths at Resorts below 1500m, Temperature at 9am today (or yesterday), Alps Days since last snow. Within the Eastern Alps, the most widely used subdivision is the Alpine Club's 1984 classification, which divides the region into about seventy small areas. The Alpine cantons (from highest to lowest) are Valais, Bern, Graubünden, Uri, Glarus, Ticino, St. Gallen, Vaud, Obwalden, Nidwalden, Schwyz, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Fribourg, Lucerne and Zug. The countries with which Switzerland shares mountain ranges of the Alps are (from west to east): France, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein.

The Australian Alps are not as high or as steep as the European Alps, New Zealand's Southern Alps, or the Andes Mountains, and most of their peaks can be reached without using mountaineering equipment. Geoffrey Hartman, "Gods, Ghosts, and Shelley's 'Atheos'", Literature and Theology, Volume 24, Issue 1, pp. 4–18 The largest mammal to live in the highest altitudes are the alpine ibex, which have been sighted as high as 3,000m (9,800ft). The ibex live in caves and descend to eat the succulent alpine grasses. [94] Classified as antelopes, [12] chamois are smaller than ibex and found throughout the Alps, living above the tree line and are common in the entire alpine range. [95] Areas of the eastern Alps are still home to brown bears. In Switzerland the canton of Bern was named for the bears but the last bear is recorded as having been killed in 1792 above Kleine Scheidegg by three hunters from Grindelwald. [96]In Roman times, "Albania" was a name for the eastern Caucasus, while in the English languages "Albania" (or "Albany") was occasionally used as a name for Scotland, [10] although it is more likely derived from the Latin word albus, [7] the colour white. Ski resorts of the Alps: the development, 'Marmota Maps' ". November 15, 2019 . Retrieved October 17, 2021.