How these two giraffes ended up with dwarfism is still hazy. Random mutations in the genetic code can cause dwarfism, but it can also be linked to low genetic diversity or inbreeding, reports the Times. Rafferty, John. P (2011). Grazers (Britannica Guide to Predators and Prey). Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-61530-336-6. a b c Mitchell, G.; Skinner, J.D. (2004). "Giraffe thermoregulation: a review". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 59 (2): 49–57. doi: 10.1080/00359190409519170. ISSN 0035-919X. S2CID 87321176. Archived from the original on 20 November 2018 . Retrieved 19 October 2011.

Lee, Derek E. (2018). "Evaluating conservation effectiveness in a Tanzanian community wildlife management area". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 82 (8): 1767–1774. doi: 10.1002/jwmg.21549. ISSN 1937-2817. S2CID 91251633. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020 . Retrieved 16 November 2020.The number of giraffes in a group can range from one up to 66 individuals. [89] [95] Giraffe groups tend to be sex-segregated [95] although mixed-sex groups made of adult females and young males also occur. [91] Female groups may be matrilineally related. [95] Generally females are more selective than males in who they associate with regarding individuals of the same sex. [94] Particularly stable giraffe groups are those made of mothers and their young, [91] which can last weeks or months. [99] Young males also form groups and will engage in playfights. However, as they get older, males become more solitary but may also associate in pairs or with female groups. [95] [99] Giraffes are not territorial, [19] but they have home ranges that vary according to rainfall and proximity to human settlements. [100] Male giraffes occasionally roam far from areas that they normally frequent. [34] :329 a b c d e f g h i Seymour, R. (2002). The taxonomic status of the giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis (L. 1758) (Ph.D. thesis). Bagemihl, B. (1999). Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity. St. Martin's Press. pp. 391–93. ISBN 978-0-312-19239-6.

Dinosaurs are classified as reptiles, a group that includes crocodiles, lizards, turtles, and snakes. Of this large group of animals, other than birds, crocodiles are the closest living things to dinosaurs. Is a Brachiosaurus taller than a giraffe? Peterson, D. (2013). Giraffe Reflections. University of California Press. p.30. ISBN 978-0520266858.

ABOUT

Definition of CAMELOPARD". m-w.com. Encyclopædia Britannica: Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 25 April 2009 . Retrieved 3 September 2014.

Okapi are herbivores, which means they eat only vegetation. They will reach up into trees with their tongues, pull down a branch and rake off the leaves with their mouths as they let go of the branch. a b Naish, D. (January 2011). "Will it Float?". Scientific American. 304 (1): 22. Bibcode: 2011SciAm.304a..22N. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0111-22. ISSN 0036-8733. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013 . Retrieved 30 December 2010.a b Winter, Sven; Fennessy, Julian; Fennessy, Stephanie; Janke, Axel (1 July 2018). "Matrilineal population structure and distribution of the Angolan giraffe in the Namib desert and beyond". Ecological Genetics and Genomics. 7–8: 1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.egg.2018.03.003. ISSN 2405-9854. S2CID 90395544. A 2020 study showed that depending on the method chosen, different taxonomic hypotheses recognizing from two to six species can be considered for the genus Giraffa. [23] That study also found that multi-species coalescent methods can lead to taxonomic over-splitting, as those methods delimit geographic structures rather than species. The three-species hypothesis, which recognises G. camelopardalis, G. giraffa, and G. tippelskirchi, is highly supported by phylogenetic analyses and also corroborated by most population genetic and multi-species coalescent analyses. [23] A 2021 whole genome sequencing study suggests the existence of four distinct species and seven subspecies. [24] Through accepting Mivart’s starting conditions, Darwin had presented a defence of his conception of evolution while also outlining a plausible pathway for giraffe evolution. What Darwin did not do was present a detailed, historical explanation for the form of the giraffe. Indeed, Darwin was typically careful in handling the history of life, and even when he was privately enthusiastic about fossil forms which exhibited transitional features – such as the feathered dinosaur Archaeopteryx – in his public works he avoided laying out precise step-by-step scenarios which would have taken place in the distant past. Darwin knew that palaeontologists had only just begun to probe the fossil record, and so outlining phylogenies or tracing evolutionary lines of descent was a risky manoeuvre since those findings would almost certainly have to be revised.

Chen, L.; Qiu, Q.; Jiang, Y.; Wang, K. (2019). "Large-scale ruminant genome sequencing provides insights into their evolution and distinct traits". Science. 364 (6446): eaav6202. Bibcode: 2019Sci...364.6202C. doi: 10.1126/science.aav6202. PMID 31221828. Harrison, D. F. N. (1995). The Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammalian Larynx. Cambridge University Press. p.165. ISBN 978-0-521-45321-9. a b del Castillo, Susan M.; Bashaw, Meredith J.; Patton, Marilyn L.; Rieches, Randy R.; Bercovitch, Fred B. (1 May 2005). "Fecal steroid analysis of female giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis) reproductive condition and the impact of endocrine status on daily time budgets". General and Comparative Endocrinology. 141 (3): 271–281. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.01.011. ISSN 0016-6480. PMID 15804514. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021 . Retrieved 10 February 2021.The giraffe's stature can be a disadvantage as well—it is difficult and dangerous for a giraffe to drink at a water hole. To do so they must spread their legs and bend down in an awkward position that makes them vulnerable to predators like Africa's big cats. Giraffes only need to drink once every several days; they get most of their water from the luscious plants they eat. Clegg, A. (1986). "Some Aspects of Tswana Cosmology". Botswana Notes and Records. 18: 33–37. JSTOR 40979758. Volodina, Elena V.; Volodin, Ilya A.; Chelysheva, Elena V.; Frey, Roland (2018). "Hiss and snort call types of wild-living giraffes Giraffa camelopardalis: acoustic structure and context". BMC Research Notes. 11 (12): 12. doi: 10.1186/s13104-017-3103-x. PMC 5761111. PMID 29316966. Pérez, W.; Lima, M.; Clauss, M. (2009). "Gross anatomy of the intestine in the giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis)" (PDF). Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia. 38 (6): 432–35. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2009.00965.x. PMID 19681830. S2CID 28390695. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2018. Charles Foley; Lara Foley; Alex Lobora; Daniela De Luca; Maurus Msuha; Tim R. B. Davenport; Sarah M. Durant (2014). A Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Tanzania. Princeton University Press. pp.179–. ISBN 978-1-4008-5280-2. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023 . Retrieved 13 July 2016.