After the death of Olybrius there was a further interregnum until March 473, when Gundobad proclaimed Glycerius emperor. He may have made some attempt to intervene in Gaul; if so, it was unsuccessful. [275] Tremissis of Julius Nepos The Later Roman Empire, 284–602: A Social, Economic, and Administrative Survey – 1986 by A. H. M. Jones, volume II, p. 933, quote: "The huge army of clergy and monks were for the most part idle mouths."

Randsborg, Klavs. The First Millennium AD in Europe and the Mediterranean: an archaeological essay. Cambridge University Press 1991. ISBN 052138401X The Rulers have to encourage the Grafters to work harder, but if they push them too hard, they could find themselves toppled from power. Belenenses had been ever present in the Primeira Liga (along with the big three) until their relegation in 1982. Their last major trophy, meanwhile, came in 1989 when a side managed by Marinho Peres clinched the Taça de Portugal.In 376, a large migration of Goths and other non- Roman people, fleeing from the Huns, entered the Empire. Roman forces were unable to exterminate, expel or subjugate them (as was their normal practice). In 395, after winning two destructive civil wars, Theodosius I died. He left a collapsing field army, and the Empire divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons. Goths and other non-Romans became a force that could challenge either part of the Empire. Further barbarian groups crossed the Rhine and other frontiers. The armed forces of the Western Empire became few and ineffective, and despite brief recoveries under able leaders, central rule was never again effectively consolidated. Ando, Clifford (2012). "5 Narrating Decline and Fall". In Rousseau, Philip (ed.). A Companion to Late Antiquity (illustrated, reprinted.). John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-1118255315. The original Belenenses have an illustrious history. They were the first team outside Portugal’s big three – Benfica, Porto and Sporting – to win the league and only Boavista in 2001 have matched that triumph since. Their solitary title win, under the legendary coach Augusto Silva in 1946, was the culmination of a period spanning the 1930s and much of the 1940s when the club were consistently challenging for top honours. In 474 Julius Nepos, nephew and successor of the general Marcellinus, arrived in Rome with soldiers and authority from the eastern emperor Leo I. By that time, Gundobad had left to contest the Burgundian throne in Gaul. [275] Glycerius gave up without a fight, retiring to become bishop of Salona in Dalmatia. [275] Julius Nepos ruled Italy and Dalmatia from Ravenna, and appointed Orestes, a former secretary of Attila, as magister militum. Valentinian died of an apoplexy while shouting at envoys of Germanic leaders. His successors in the West were children, his sons Gratian ( r.375–383) and Valentinian II ( r.375–392). Gratian, "alien from the art of government both by temperament and by training", removed the Altar of Victory from the Senate House. He also rejected the pagan title of Pontifex Maximus. [104] 376–395: Invasions, civil wars, and religious discord Battle of Adrianople

In 476, Orestes refused to honour his promises of land to his mercenaries, who revolted under the leadership of Odoacer. Orestes fled to the city of Pavia on August 23, 476, where the city's bishop gave him sanctuary. Orestes was soon forced to flee Pavia, when Odoacer's army broke through the city walls and ravaged the city. Odoacer's army chased Orestes to Piacenza, where they captured and executed him on August 28, 476. Then, in the Traitors-ish bit when the Rulers have to say who is the worst, Ramona announces that everyone else is weak and talking rubbish. It’s a bold strategy – and we love/hate her for it. In 410, the Roman civitates of Britannia rebelled against Constantine and evicted his officials. They asked for help from Honorius, who replied that they should look to their own defence. While the British may have regarded themselves as Roman for several generations, and British armies may at times have fought in Gaul, no central Roman government is known to have appointed officials in Britannia thereafter. [204] The supply of coinage to the Diocese of Britannia ceases with Honorius. [205] Cameron, Averil (1993). The later Roman empire, AD 284–430. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-51194-1.

The Goa Express

Within the late Roman military, many recruits and even officers had barbarian origins. Soldiers are recorded as using possibly-barbarian rituals, such as elevating a claimant on shields. [62] Some scholars have seen this as an indication of weakness. Others disagree, seeing neither barbarian recruits nor new rituals as causing any problem with the effectiveness or loyalty of the army, at least while that army was led by officers who identified as Roman and was effectively disciplined, trained, paid, and supplied. [63] Geography Numerous literary sources, both Christian and pagan, falsely attributed to Theodosius multiple anti-pagan initiatives such as the withdrawal of state funding to pagan cults (this measure belongs to Gratian) and the demolition of temples (for which there is no primary evidence). [128] Piganiol, André (1950). "The Causes of the Fall of the Roman Empire". The Journal of General Education. 5 (1): 62–69. JSTOR 27795332.

Anthemius was still in command of an army in Italy. Additionally, in northern Gaul, a British army led by one Riothamus, operated in imperial interests at the battle of Déols. [272] Anthemius sent his son Anthemiolus over the Alps, with an army, to request the Visigoths to return southern Gaul to Roman control. This would have allowed the Empire land access to Hispania again. The Visigoths refused, and defeated the forces of both Riothamus and Anthemius at the battle of Arles; with the Burgundians, they took over almost all of the remaining imperial territory in southern Gaul. [ citation needed] Perrottet, Tony (2004). The Naked Olympics: The True Story of the Ancient Games. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. 190–. ISBN 978-1-58836-382-4 . Retrieved 1 April 2013. If Rome’s sheer size made it difficult to govern, ineffective and inconsistent leadership only served to magnify the problem. Being the Roman emperor had always been a particularly dangerous job, but during the tumultuous second and third centuries it nearly became a death sentence. Civil war thrust the empire into chaos, and more than 20 men took the throne in the span of only 75 years, usually after the murder of their predecessor. Momigliano, Arnaldo. 1973. "La caduta senza rumore di un impero nel 476 d.C." ("The noiseless fall of an empire in 476 AD"). Rivista storica italiana, 85 (1973), 5–21.

Loft Sessions

The album cover photo was shot just west of Camden Town at the Primrose Hill viewpoint, looking southeast towards central London with the BT Tower on the horizon. The wealth of the Christian Church increased dramatically in the fifth century. Immense resources, both public and private, were used for building churches, storage barns for the grain used for charity, new hospitals for the poor, and in support of those in religious life without other income. [76] Bishops in wealthy cities were thus able to offer patronage in the long-established manner of Roman aristocrats. Ammianus described some who "enriched from the offerings of matrons, ride seated in carriages, wearing clothing chosen with care, and serve banquets so lavish that their entertainments outdo the tables of kings". As the name of the series suggests, anyone can rise to a position of power and anyone can fall, but only one Ruler can win the cash prize at the end of the game.

Although two Grafters try their best to get a Big Brother vibe going by cuddling up on a bed inexplicably within hours of arriving, the real action is upstairs, where the Rulers engage in one of those popularity contests where forceful personalities push themselves to the front at the risk of ultimately being shot down. Such a dynamic needs a willing villain and, oh wow, episode one of Rise and Fall has a corker in the shape of 34-year-old bar and club owner Ramona. Since Bernard Looney resigned as BP chief executive in September, the energy major has presented his departure as an isolated incident: the result of one man’s failure to disclose to the board past relationships with colleagues. Milner NP. Vegetius: Epitome of Military Science, second edition, Liverpool University Press, 1996. pp. xxxvii ffThe Vandals conquered Sicily. Their fleet became a constant danger to Roman sea trade, and to the coasts and islands of the western Mediterranean. [260] 455–456: Failure of Avitus, further losses in Gaul, rise of Ricimer Kulikowski, Michael (2019). The Tragedy of Empire: From Constantine to the Destruction of Roman Italy. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-67466-013-7. The recent turmoil has left the 114-year-old energy major facing a difficult question as it seeks a permanent replacement for Looney: should it promote from within, or, for the first time in its history, hire a chief executive from outside the company?