Another example is kimchi, the traditional Korean fermented cabbage. It contains a variety of amino acids and other bioactive compounds that have been found to reduce heart disease and help fight inflammation, some cancers, infections, and obesity ( 15, 16, 17, 18, 19). Production of 3’SL and 3’SLN has also been reported from CMP-Neu5Ac and lactose by catalyzed a Pasteurella multocidaα2–3-sialyltransferase 297 or Pasteurella dagmatisα2–3-sialyltransferase. 298, 299

Puskar-Pasewicz, Margaret. (2010). Cultural Encyclopedia of Vegetarianism. ABC-CLIO. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-313-37556-9 By overgrowing a food with a specific type of good bacteria, harmful organisms are unable to reproduce and grow, preventing food spoilage ( 2, 9).

Weight control. Eating yogurt, fermented milk, and kimchi is associated with weight loss and better weight control ( 38, 39, 40). Mariotti, François; Gardner, Christopher D. (2019). "Dietary Protein and Amino Acids in Vegetarian Diets—A Review". Nutrients. 11 (11): 2661. doi: 10.3390/nu11112661. PMC 6893534. PMID 31690027. Barnett, L. Margaret. (1995). Every Man His Own Physician: Dietetic Fads, 1890-1914. In Harmke Kamminga, Andrew Cunningham. The Science and Culture of Nutrition, 1840-1940. p. 165. Rodopi. ISBN 90-5183-818-2

The trans-sialidase activities of Bacteroides fragilis sialidase, 301 Arthrobacter ureafaciens or Bifidobacterium infantis sialidase, 302 and Trypanosoma cruziα2–3-trans-sialidase have also been explored for the synthesis of 3’SL. 303, 304 Low or moderate yields were achieved. A deficiency in these important nutrients can cause symptoms like stunted growth, anemia, impaired immune function, and mood changes ( 19, 20, 21, 22).

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LNT was enzymatically synthesized from LNT2 and ortho-nitrophenyl β-D-galactoside using a Bacillus circulans ATCC31382 β-galactosidase-catalyzed transglycosylation reaction. Alternatively, LNT (7.1 mg) was able to be synthesized from lactose and Galβ1–3GlcNAcβ pNP using Aureobacterium sp. L-101 lacto- N-biosidase-catalyzed transglycosylation reaction. 313 Inherent low yields (19–26%) were observed for typical glycosidase-catalyzed trans-glycosylation reactions. FL production was also achieved in the milk of transgenic mice by introducing to mice a fusion gene containing a human α1–2-fucosyltransferase gene downstream of a murine whey acidic protein promoter and upstream of a polyadenylation signal. 142 The same transgenic manipulation on rabbits seemed to interfere with their lactation process. 290 The presence of glycoconjugates containing Fucα1–2Gal epitope reduces the rate and duration of pathogen colonization in pups inoculated with pathogenic strains of Campylobacter jejuni. 204

Erik Marcus (2000). Vegan: The New Ethics of Eating. McBooks Press, Incorporated. ISBN 9781590133446. Reduced inflammation. Fermented foods can lower counts of inflammatory molecules, increase antioxidant activity, and improve the protective barrier of your gut ( 25, 26). As bacteria break down sugar, lactic acid and carbon dioxide are formed, removing oxygen and making the food more acidic. This encourages the growth of even more lactic acid bacteria and prevents the growth of other microorganisms ( 3). In addition to preservation, fermentation makes food easier to digest, reduces or eliminates the need for cooking, extends shelf life, reduces food waste, and adds distinctive flavors, textures, and aromas ( 2, 3, 5). Summary Canning uses heat to sterilize food and eliminate or reduce the growth of harmful organisms. As the food is sealed in a can or jar, no harmful organisms or air can get inside, and the food can be stored for a very long period ( 10).

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The understanding of the important roles of α1–2- and α1–3/4-fucosylated HMOS for infant health is greatly facilitated by the presence of nursing mothers with differences on the secretor status (determined by α1–2-fucosyltransferase FUT2) and Lewis blood type (determined by α1–3/4-fucosyltransferase FUT3). Bifidobacteria were shown to be established earlier and more often in infants fed by secretor mothers. 213 Mother’s milk with a higher ratio of α1–2-fucosylated versus non-α1–2-fucosylated HMOS was shown to provide protection of breast-fed infants against diarrhea. 214 A review of 11 studies found that vegetarian diets like the lacto-vegetarian diet may help lower total and LDL (bad) cholesterol, both of which can contribute to heart disease ( 3). Filippini, Massimo; Srinivasan, Suchita (2019-10-01). "Impact of religious participation, social interactions and globalization on meat consumption: Evidence from India". Energy Economics. Eighth Atlantic Workshop on Energy and Environmental Economics. 84: 104550. doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104550. ISSN 0140-9883. S2CID 211301067. However, it’s estimated that about 75% of the global population loses this ability as they age, resulting in a condition known as lactose intolerance ( 4). In some people, lactose intolerance is caused by another health condition, such as coeliac disease. Treating the underlying cause should help. Causes of lactose intolerance