English language – Characteristics of Modern English". Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 16 April 2021. Focus on London– Population and Migration | London DataStore". Greater London Authority. Archived from the original on 16 October 2010 . Retrieved 10 February 2012. About us". London Ambulance Service NHS Trust. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011 . Retrieved 25 August 2009. Why London Is The World's Busiest City For Air Travel". Simple Flying. 16 August 2021 . Retrieved 26 June 2022.

a b "The Age Distribution of the Population". Trust for London. 20 April 2020. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020 . Retrieved 27 March 2021. See also: List of universities and higher education colleges in London University College London (UCL), established by Royal Charter in 1836, is one of the founding colleges of the University of London. Imperial College London, a technical research university in South Kensington Constituencies A-Z – Election 2019". BBC News. 2019. Archived from the original on 16 December 2019 . Retrieved 30 March 2020. Demographia World Urban Areas, 15th Annual Edition" (PDF). Demographia. April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2020 . Retrieved 13 February 2016. Pearsall, Judy; Trumble, Bill, eds. (2002). The Oxford English Reference Dictionary (2nd, reved.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198606529.Doolittle, Ian (2014). " 'The Great Refusal': Why Does the City of London Corporation Only Govern the Square Mile?". The London Journal. 39 (1): 21–36. doi: 10.1179/0305803413Z.00000000038. S2CID 159791907. Philip Eden: Longest drought for 2 years – weatheronline.co.uk". weatheronline.co.uk . Retrieved 10 April 2019. Policing in Greater London, with the exception of the City of London, is provided by the Metropolitan Police ("The Met"), overseen by the mayor through the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC). [121] The Met is also referred to as Scotland Yard after the location of its original headquarters in a road called Great Scotland Yard in Whitehall. The City of London has its own police force– the City of London Police. [122] First worn by Met police officers in 1863, the custodian helmet has been called a "cultural icon" and a "symbol of British law enforcement". [123] Introduced by the Met in 1929, the blue police telephone box (basis for the TARDIS in Doctor Who) was once a common sight throughout London and regional cities in the UK. [124] Headquarters of MI6, the UK's foreign intelligence service, at the SIS Building. Scenes featuring James Bond (the fictional MI6 agent) have been filmed here. Temperature extremes in London range from 40.2°C (104.4°F) at Heathrow on 19 July 2022 down to −17.4°C (0.7°F) at Northolt on 13 December 1981. [152] [153] Records for atmospheric pressure have been kept at London since 1692. The highest pressure ever reported is 1,049.8 millibars (31.00inHg) on 20 January 2020. [154]

A growing number of technology companies are based in London, notably in East London Tech City, also known as Silicon Roundabout. In 2014 the city was among the first to receive a geoTLD. [259] In February 2014 London was ranked as the European City of the Future in the 2014/15 list by fDi Intelligence. [260] A museum in Bletchley Park, where Alan Turing was based during World War II, is in Bletchley, 40 miles (64km) north of central London, as is The National Museum of Computing. [261] Despite the evidence of scattered Brythonic settlements in the area, the first major settlement was founded by the Romans around 47 AD, [2] about four years after their invasion of 43 AD. [41] This only lasted until about 61 AD, when the Iceni tribe led by Queen Boudica stormed it and burnt it to the ground. [42]

Local Government Financial Statistics England No.21 (2011)" (PDF). 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 April 2018 . Retrieved 25 March 2021. The majority of primary and secondary schools and further-education colleges in London are controlled by the London boroughs or otherwise state-funded; leading examples include Ashbourne College, Bethnal Green Academy, Brampton Manor Academy, City and Islington College, City of Westminster College, David Game College, Ealing, Hammersmith and West London College, Leyton Sixth Form College, London Academy of Excellence, Tower Hamlets College, and Newham Collegiate Sixth Form Centre. There are also a number of private schools and colleges in London, some old and famous, such as City of London School, Harrow, St Paul's School, Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School, University College School, The John Lyon School, Highgate School and Westminster School. Monthly Weather Report of the Meteorological Office" (PDF). Wyman and Sons, Ltd. 1911. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2017 . Retrieved 25 March 2021. a b Number 1 Poultry (ONE 94), Museum of London Archaeology, 2013. Archaeology Data Service, The University of York.

Greater London encompasses a total area of 611 square miles (1,583km 2) an area which had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 11,760 inhabitants per square mile (4,542/km 2). The extended area known as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, comprises a total area of 3,236 square miles (8,382km 2) has a population of 13,709,000 and a population density of 3,900 inhabitants per square mile (1,510/km 2). [144] Census 2001: London". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011 . Retrieved 3 June 2006. Minimum Temperatures observed on 13th Dec 1981 at 06Z (SYNOP)/09Z (MIDAS/BUFR) UTC (529 reports)" . Retrieved 30 April 2023. a b Flynn, Emily (6 July 2005). "Tomorrow's East End". Newsweek. New York. Archived from the original on 29 August 2006.Summers are generally warm, sometimes hot. London's average July high is 23.5°C (74.3°F). On average each year, London experiences 31 days above 25°C (77.0°F) and 4.2 days above 30.0°C (86.0°F). During the 2003 European heat wave, prolonged heat led to hundreds of heat-related deaths. [155] A previous spell of 15 consecutive days above 32.2°C (90.0°F) in England in 1976 also caused many heat related deaths. [156] A previous temperature of 37.8°C (100.0°F) in August 1911 at the Greenwich station was later disregarded as non-standard. [157] Droughts can also, occasionally, be a problem, especially in summer, most recently in summer 2018, and with much drier than average conditions prevailing from May to December. [158] However, the most consecutive days without rain was 73 days in the spring of 1893. [159]