Rogers, Thomas (14 November 2010). "The dramatic decline of the modern man". Salon. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012 . Retrieved 3 June 2012.

What do we mean by 'sex' and 'gender'?". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Messner, Michael A. 1992. Power at Play: Sports and the Problem of Masculinity. Boston: Beacon Press. a b Raj, Adharsh; Goswami, Manash Pratim (June 2020). " 'Is Macho the In-thing?' Effects of the Representation of Masculinity in Bollywood Cinema on Youngsters". Global Media Journal: Indian Edition. 12 (1): 1–24. The crisis has also been attributed to the questioning of male dominance and rights granted to men solely on the basis of sex following the feminist movement. [132] :83–86 British sociologist John MacInnes wrote that "masculinity has always been in one crisis or another", suggesting that the crises arise from the "fundamental incompatibility between the core principle of modernity that all human beings are essentially equal (regardless of their sex) and the core tenet of patriarchy that men are naturally superior to women and thus destined to rule over them". [133] Martin, Karin A. 1996. Puberty, Sexuality, and the Self: Boys and Girls at Adolescence. New York: Routledge.Jiang, Jiani; Huhmann, Bruce A.; Hyman, Michael R. (20 November 2019). "Emerging masculinities in Chinese luxury social media marketing". Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics. 32 (3): 721–745. doi: 10.1108/APJML-07-2018-0256. ISSN 1355-5855. S2CID 212780718. Halberstam, Judith (1998), " Lesbian masculinity: even stone butches get the blues", in Halberstam, Judith, ed. (1998). Female masculinity. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. p. 119. ISBN 9780822322436.

Fausto-Sterling, Anne. 2014. "Where Does Gender Come From?" Footnote. http://footnote.co/where-does-gender-come-from/

Cornelius Tacitus, The Annals, BOOK 1, chapter 59". www.perseus.tufts.edu . Retrieved 4 November 2019. Vetterling-Braggin, Mary (1982). "Introduction". "Femininity", "masculinity", and "androgyny": a modern philosophical discussion. Totowa, N.J: Littlefield, Adams. p. 6. ISBN 9780822603993. the [personality] theorist might classify a person as "masculine" if the person thought that person to have any or all of the following P-traits [personality traits] - GROUP Y TRAITS: strength of will, ambition, courage, independence, assertiveness, aggressiveness, ... Because of social norms and pressures associated with masculinity, men with spinal-cord injuries must adapt their self-identity to the losses associated with such injuries; this may "lead to feelings of decreased physical and sexual prowess with lowered self-esteem and a loss of male identity. Feelings of guilt and overall loss of control are also experienced." [125] Research also suggests that men feel social pressure to endorse traditional masculine male models in advertising. Brett Martin and Juergen Gnoth (2009) found that although feminine men privately preferred feminine models, they expressed a preference for traditional masculine models in public; according to the authors, this reflected social pressure on men to endorse traditional masculine norms. [126] Goode, Erica (25 June 2000). "Thinner: the male battle with anorexia". The New York Times . Retrieved 12 May 2010.