The term "police brutality" was first used in Britain in the mid-19th century, by The Puppet-Show magazine(a short-lived rival to Punch) in September 1848, when they wrote: Police arrested 82 counter-protesters for alleged breach of the peace as they tried to reach the main pro-Palestine march route at midday

The leader of 140,000 rank-and-file police officers in England and Wales said his members had borne the brunt of the violence after days of controversy. Stetser, Merle (2001). The Use of Force in Police Control of Violence: Incidents Resulting in Assaults on Officers. New York: LFB Scholarly Publishing L.L.C. ISBN 978-1-931202-08-4. della Porta, Donatella (1998). Policing protest: the control of mass demonstrations in Western democracies. Univ. of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-3063-1. Groups “intent on confronting officers” threw a metal barrier at police as they attempted to storm the Cenotaph in escalating violence shortly before 4pm There have been several instances of police brutality towards protesters in the 2019–20 Hong Kong protestsCooper, Hannah LF (2015). "War on Drugs Policing and Police Brutality". Substance Use & Misuse. 50 (8–9): 1188–1194. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1007669. ISSN 1082-6084. PMC 4800748. PMID 25775311. Amnesty International Report 2007". Amnesty International. 2007. Archived from the original on 7 August 2007 . Retrieved 8 August 2007.

Chevigny, P. (2008). "Police Brutality", In Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace and Conflict. Oxford: Elsevier Science and Technology, 2008. Pressures to conform to certain aspects of "police culture", such as the Blue Code of Silence, which can "sustain an oppositional criminal subculture protecting the interests of police who violate the law" [18] and a " 'we-they' perspective in which outsiders are viewed with suspicion or distrust" [17] In England and Wales, an independent organization known as the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) investigates reports of police misconduct. They automatically investigate any deaths caused by or thought to be caused by, police action. They arrived early, stating they were there to protect monuments, but some were already intoxicated, aggressive and clearly looking for confrontation. Abuse was directed at officers protecting the Cenotaph, including chants of: ‘You’re not English any more.’”

Police condemn ‘extreme violence’ after petrol bombs thrown at officers

English riots were 'a sort of revenge' against the police". The Guardian. 5 December 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023 . Retrieved 10 January 2023. In Brazil, incidents of police violence have been very well-reported and Brazil has one of the highest prevalences of police brutality in the world today Ross, J.I. (2000). Making news of police violence a comparative study of Toronto and New York City. Praeger. ISBN 0-275-96825-1. Sampath case: 4 police officers to turn approvers". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 17 May 2011. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011. White Nationalism is a belief that mass migration from the ‘non-white’ world, and demographic change, poses an existential threat to the ‘White Race’ and ‘Western Culture’. Advocates for some sort of ‘White’ homeland, either through partition of already existing countries, or by the repatriation of ethnic minorities, by way of force if necessary.

Krupanski, Marc (7 March 2012). "Policing the Police: Civilian Video Monitoring of Police Activity". The Global Journal. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012 . Retrieved 13 March 2012. Asked whether he would consider an outright ban on the sale of fireworks, he said: “An outright ban isn’t within our competence in the Scottish Government as far as I understand it, if it was then I would absolutely consider an outright ban. We will always consider what more the Government can do.”In the UK, Ian Tomlinson was filmed by an American tourist being hit with a baton and pushed to the floor as he was walking home from work during the 2009 G-20 London summit protests. Tomlinson then collapsed and died. Although he was arrested on suspicion of manslaughter, the officer who allegedly assaulted Tomlinson was released without charge. He was later dismissed for gross misconduct. [24]

Drone footage from Niddrie showed a line of police officers with riot shields standing in front of vans with blue lights flashing. Policija brutalno tukla i devojke". B92.net. 7 June 2010. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015 . Retrieved 2 October 2015. Fekete added: “Racism has become entrenched in policing as the rank and file are resituating themselves as society’s victims and organising on an ever more extremist agenda.” Fekete warned that the thin blue line had become a “besieged and misunderstood minority group” with a proliferation of victim narratives that represent rank-and-file officers as the aggrieved party in debates on police racism and use of force.

Headline Assessment

Earl, Jennifer S.; Soule, Sarah A. (2006). "Seeing Blue: A Police-Centered Explanation of Protest Policing". Mobilization. 11 (2): 145–164. doi: 10.17813/maiq.11.2.u1wj8w41n301627u.