Brott T, Adams H, Olinger C, Marler J, Barsan W, Biller J et al. Measurements of acute cerebral infarction: a clinical examination scale. Stroke 1989;20(7):864-870. PMID: 2749846 (accessed 6 May 2017). Moderate TBI: GCS 9-12. These patients are typically drowsy or obtunded, they can open eyes and localise painful stimuli upon assessment.

Severe TBI: GCS 3-8. These patients present as obtunded to comatose, they are unable to follow directions. They may exhibit decorate or decerebrate posturing. [10] Memory size (Flash): 16 G, the actual available disc space may differ (dependant on e.g. (pre-)installed apps, installed operating system, etc.) McNett M, Amato S, Gianakis A, Grimm D, Philippbar S, Belle J et al. The FOUR Score and GCS as predictors of outcome after traumatic brain injury. Neurocritical Care 2014;21(1):52-57. doi:10.1007/s12028-013-9947-6 (accessed 5 May 2017). Zollman FS, editor. Manual of traumatic brain injury: Assessment and management. Springer Publishing Company; 2021 Jul 22. Before we begin, let's revisit some basic fraction terms so you understand exactly what we're dealing with here:Given the current best available evidence, the GCS has a low sensitivity (56.1%) and a high specificity (82.2%). Therefore, there are very few false positives predicting a low rate of survival in healthy individuals. [17] Evidence suggests that the Glasgow Coma Scale has a 71% accuracy in predicting functional independence post-injury. The GCS also modestly correlates with the Disability Rating Scale (-0.28) and the Cognitive component of the Functional Independence Measure (0.37). [19] Resources [ edit | edit source ] Holmes JF, Palchak MJ, MacFarlane T, Kuppermann N. Performance of the pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale in children with blunt head trauma. Academic emergency medicine 2005 Sep 1;12(9):814-9. PMID:16141014 (accessed 5 May 2017). USB recording for digital channels only, recordings may be limited by broadcast copy protection (CI+). Country and channel restrictions may apply.

Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. The Lancet. 1974 Jul 13;304(7872):81-4. Meredith W, Rutledge R, Fakhry S, Emery S, Kromhout-Schiro S. The conundrum of the Glasgow Coma Scale in intubated patients. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 1998;44(5):839-845. PMID: 9603086 (accessed 7 May 2017). Lesko M, Jenks T, Perel P, O'Brien S, Childs C, Bouamra O et al. Models of mortality probability in severe traumatic brain injury: results of the modeling by the UK Trauma Registry. Journal of Neurotrauma 2013;30(24):2021-2030. PMID:23865489 (accessed 6 May 2017). Nell V, Yates DW, Kruger J. An extended Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS-E) with enhanced sensitivity to mild brain injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2000 May 1;81(5):614-7.The inter-rater reliability of the total Glasgow Coma Scale is p = 0.86. Some research has subdivided the inter-rater reliability for each subscale. For the eye score the inter-rater reliability is p = 0.76, the verbal score is p = 0.67, and the motor score is p=0.81. [11] The research for test-retest reliability is not recent and should be updated, however, the best available evidence is k = 0.66 - 0.77. [12] This television contains lead only in certain parts or components where no technology alternatives exist in accordance with existing exemption clauses under the RoHS Directive. Google Assistant is available on Philips Android TVs running on Android O (8) or higher OS version. Google Assistant is available in selected languages and countries. Prices valid in stores (all including VAT) until close of business on 29th November 2023. (Some of these web prices are cheaper than in-store, so please mention that you've seen these offers online.) Frej M, Frej J. The Glasgow Structured Approach to Assessment of the Glasgow Coma Scale: what is GCS - glasgow coma scale. http://www.glasgowcomascale.org/what-is-gcs/ (accessed 7 May 2017).