Clapham, A.R.; Tutin, T.G.; Warburg, E.F. (1981). Excursion flora of the British Isles (3ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521232906. Burma bans cultivation in certain provinces. In northern Burma bans have ended a century-old tradition of growing the opium poppy. Between 20,000 and 30,000 former poppy farmers left the Kokang region as a result of the ban in 2002. [56] People from the Wa region, where the ban was implemented in 2005, fled to areas where growing opium is still possible. a b c d e Ye, Kai; Graham, Ian A.; Bowser, Tim A.; Lu, Ying; Teodor, Roxana; He, Zhesi; Ning, Zemin; Li, Yi; Yang, Xiaofei (19 October 2018). "The opium poppy genome and morphinan production" (PDF). Science. 362 (6412): 343–347. Bibcode: 2018Sci...362..343G. doi: 10.1126/science.aat4096. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 30166436. S2CID 52137369.

Generally, poppies need an open, sunny position with at least six hours of sunlight a day, in well-drained acidic, alkaline, or neutral soil. Field and opium poppies tolerate drier, poorer soils than the oriental types, which like deep fertile well-drained soil.

a b Chaturvedi, Nidarshana (2014). "Latex-less opium poppy: cause for less latex and reduced peduncle strength)" (PDF). Physiologia Plantarum. 150 (3): 436–445. doi: 10.1111/ppl.12086. PMID 24033330 . Retrieved 7 January 2018. Singh, A., I. M. Menendez-Perdomo, et al. (2019). "Benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy: an update." Phytochem Rev 18(6): 1457-1482

a b Deming S (2011). "The Economic Importance of Indian Opium and Trade with China on Britain's Economy, 1843–1890". Economic Working Papers. 25 (Spring). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2020 . Retrieved 5 September 2018. If you would like to collect seeds on poppies (other than oriental poppies), cut the pods when they turn brown and let them dry for a couple of weeks before breaking them open and collecting the seed. Procházka, Petr; Smutka, Lubos (30 June 2012). "Czech Republic as an Important Producer of Poppy Seed". AGRIS On-Line Papers in Economics and Informatics. 4 (2): 35–47 . Retrieved 15 November 2018.In this study, the aim was to establish if thermal processing methods, the food matrix employed and the source of poppy seeds would affect the levels of opium alkaloids identified pre- and post-baking. The main reason for this was to establish if normal food preparation techniques, employed when using poppy seeds, would ultimately affect the opium alkaloids reaching the food chain. Ultimately this will influence drug-testing results or have a potential clinical impact on an individual. Experimental Chemicals, Reagents and Poppy Seeds A herbaceous plant, poppy plants can grow to be over a metre tall with large flowers up to 15 cm wide. Not only do we love its signature red flowers, but bees do too!