Johnson, Eric. The Nazi Terror: Gestapo, Jews and Ordinary Germans. United States: Basic Books, 1999, p. 117. Kristallnacht, literally, "Night of Crystal," is often referred to as the "Night of Broken Glass." The name refers to the wave of violent anti-Jewish pogroms which took place on November 9 and 10, 1938. This wave of violence took place throughout Germany, annexed Austria, and in areas of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia recently occupied by German troops. a b Ross, Philip (27 January 2014). "Tom Perkins Responds To Nazi Germany And 1 Percent Criticism, Says Kristallnacht Was 'Terrible Word To Have Chosen' ". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015 . Retrieved 29 January 2014.

Lucas, Eric. "The sovereigns", Kibbutz Kfar Blum (Palestine), 1945, p. 171 cited in Gilbert, op.cit., p 67. a b c Steinweis, Alan E. (2009). Kristallnacht 1938. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 3. ISBN 9780674036239.

A Turning Point

Kristallnacht marked a turning point in relations between Nazi Germany and the rest of the world. The brutality of the pogrom, and the Nazi government's deliberate policy of encouraging the violence once it had begun, laid bare the repressive nature and widespread anti-Semitism entrenched in Germany. World opinion thus turned sharply against the Nazi regime, with some politicians calling for war. On 6 December 1938, William Cooper, an Aboriginal Australian, led a delegation of the Australian Aboriginal League on a march through Melbourne to the German Consulate to deliver a petition which condemned the "cruel persecution of the Jewish people by the Nazi government of Germany". German officials refused to accept the tendered document. [76] Recollections of Rosalind Herzfeld," Jewish Chronicle, 28 September 1979, p. 80; cited in Gilbert, The Holocaust—The Jewish Tragedy, London: William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd, 1986.

Daily Telegraph, 12 November 1938. Cited in Gilbert, Martin. Kristallnacht: Prelude to Destruction. HarperCollins, 2006, p. 142.Finance minister slams Judenboykott, Kristallnacht re-enaction against Muslims in Sri Lanka". www.economynext.com. 24 May 2019 . Retrieved 10 June 2019. [ permanent dead link] German Mobs' Vengeance on Jews", The Daily Telegraph, 11 November 1938, cited in Gilbert, Martin (2006). Kristallnacht: Prelude to Destruction. New York: HarperCollins. p.42. ISBN 978-0060570835. So although the Holocaust is history, it’s really not so distant. In fact, some survivors are still alive to tell the tale – memoirists like Dr Edith Eger and Eddie Jaku can still recall the horrors with burning clarity. And with the rising tide of antisemitism and fascism around the world, it feels more pertinent than ever to remember those whose lives were stolen (both physically and mentally), to ensure such hatred never seeps so deeply into society again. Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Susan Warsinger from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Berenbaum, Michael (20 December 2018). "Kristallnacht". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019 . Retrieved 1 July 2019. Kristallnacht, (German: "Crystal Night"), also called Night of Broken Glass or November Pogroms

Reporter, Adam Vaccaro-. "Holocaust Memorial in Boston damaged for second time this summer - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018 . Retrieved 21 August 2018. The former German Kaiser Wilhelm II commented "For the first time, I am ashamed to be German." [47] verifyErrors }}{{ message }}{{ /verifyErrors }}{{

November 9–10

Houses of worship burned down, vandalized, in every community in the country where people either participate or watch. [46] Aftermath [ edit ] A ruined synagogue in Munich after Kristallnacht A ruined synagogue in Eisenach after Kristallnacht Goldstein, Joseph (1995). Jewish History in Modern Times. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 978-1-898723-06-6. NEW CAMPAIGN AGAINST JEWS NAZI OUTBREAKS". 11 November 1938. p.1. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021 . Retrieved 1 May 2017– via Trove. a b c d "Kristallnacht". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 18 May 2018 . Retrieved 19 May 2018. Gordon, Sarah Ann (1984). Hitler, Germans, and the Jewish Question. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-10162-0.

As the pogrom spread, units of the SS and Gestapo (Secret State Police), following Heydrich's instructions, arrested up to 30,000 Jewish males, and transferred most of them from local prisons to Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, and other concentration camps. The events of Kristallnacht represented one of the most important turning points in National Socialist antisemitic policy. Historians have noted that after the pogrom, anti-Jewish policy was concentrated more and more concretely into the hands of the SS. Moreover, the passivity with which most German civilians responded to the violence signaled to the Nazi regime that the German public was prepared for more radical measures. Jantzen, Kyle, and Jonathan Durance. "Our Jewish Brethren: Christian Responses to Kristallnacht in Canadian Mass Media." Journal of Ecumenical Studies 46.4 (2011): 537-548. online [ dead link] Deem, James M. Kristallnacht: the Nazi terror that began the Holocaust (2012) for secondary schools. online Interview with Miriam Ron, Witness to the Events of Kristallnacht". The International School for Holocaust Studies. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. -- "At 7:00 in the morning I was a student, and at 5:00, I was a criminal"

Novels about the Holocaust

The violence was instigated primarily by Nazi Party officials and members of the SA ( Sturmabteilung : commonly known as Storm Troopers) and Hitler Youth. The Fortnite Holocaust Museum, a virtual museum based inside the videogame Fortnite, is set to feature a display featuring the Kristallnacht. [97] See also [ edit ]