The climate of the Caribbean is driven by the low latitude and tropical ocean currents that run through it. The principal ocean current is the North Equatorial Current, which enters the region from the tropical Atlantic. The climate of the area is tropical, varying from tropical rainforest in some areas to tropical savanna in others. There are also some locations that are arid climates with considerable drought in some years.

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Geopolitically, the islands of the Caribbean are often regarded as a subregion of North America, though sometimes they are included in Middle America or left as a subregion of their own [9] [10] and are organized into 33 political entities, including 13 sovereign states, 12 dependencies, one disputed territory, and seven other overseas territories. From December 15, 1954, to October 10, 2010, there was a territory known as the Netherlands Antilles composed of five islands, all of which were Dutch dependencies. [11] From January 3, 1958, to May 31, 1962, there was also a short-lived political union called the West Indies Federation composed of ten English-speaking Caribbean territories, all of which were then British dependencies. McWhorter, John H. (2005). Defining Creole. Oxford University Press US. p.379. ISBN 978-0-19-516670-5. Lawler, Andrew (December 23, 2020). "Invaders nearly wiped out Caribbean's first people long before Spanish came, DNA reveals". National Geographic. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021 . Retrieved January 4, 2021. Fungi of Trinidad & Tobago – potential endemics". cybertruffle.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27 . Retrieved 2011-07-09. Summary Climatological Normals 1981–2010" (PDF). Departamento Meteorologico Aruba. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 September 2020 . Retrieved 15 October 2012.

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Mesoamerican Reef | Places | WWF". World Wildlife Fund. Archived from the original on 2020-11-13 . Retrieved 2016-10-21. Fungi of Puerto Rico – potential endemics". cybertruffle.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27 . Retrieved 2011-07-09. Some Caribbean islands have terrain that Europeans found suitable for cultivation for agriculture. Tobacco was an important early crop during the colonial era, but was eventually overtaken by sugarcane production as the region's staple crop. Sugar was produced from sugarcane for export to Europe. Cuba and Barbados were historically the largest producers of sugar. The tropical plantation system thus came to dominate Caribbean settlement. Other islands were found to have terrain unsuited for agriculture, for example Dominica, which remains heavily forested. The islands in the southern Lesser Antilles, Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao, are extremely arid, making them unsuitable for agriculture. However, they have salt pans that were exploited by the Dutch. Sea water was pumped into shallow ponds, producing coarse salt when the water evaporated. [52] The President of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez launched an economic group called the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA), which several eastern Caribbean islands joined. See also: Religion in the Caribbean Havana Cathedral (Catholic) in Cuba completed in 1777 Holy Trinity Cathedral, an Anglican Christian cathedral in Trinidad and Tobago Temple in the Sea, a Hindu mandir in Trinidad and Tobago Muhammad Ali Jinnah Memorial Masjid, a Muslim masjid in Trinidad and Tobago A Jewish synagogue in Suriname A Haitian Vodou altar

Caribbean Sea - Wikipedia

Hillman, Richard S., and Thomas J. D'agostino, eds. Understanding the Contemporary Caribbean, London: Lynne Rienner, 2003 ISBN 1-58826-663-X.

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Swedish West Indies – present-day French Saint-Barthélemy, Guadeloupe (briefly) and Tobago (briefly). Langley, Lester D. The United States and the Caribbean in the Twentieth Century. London: University of Georgia Press, 1989. About Us". Caribbean Hotel & Tourism Association. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014 . Retrieved 17 June 2014. Due to a history of waves of immigration brought by colonization by the Spanish, English, Dutch, and French, the Atlantic slave trade from Africa, and Indentured servitude from Asia, as well as modern immigration, the modern Caribbean is one of the most ethnically diverse regions on the planet. The Caribbean region supports a large tourism industry. The Caribbean Tourism Organization calculates that about 12million people a year visit the area, including (in 1991–1992) about 8million cruise ship tourists. Tourism based upon scuba diving and snorkeling on coral reefs of many Caribbean islands makes a major contribution to their economies. [34] Gallery [ edit ]

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Between the 1960s and 80s, most of the British holdings in the Caribbean achieved political independence, starting with Jamaica in 1962, then Trinidad and Tobago (1962), British Guiana (1966), Barbados (1966), Bahamas (1973), Grenada (1974), Dominica (1978), St. Lucia (1979), St. Vincent (1979), Antigua and Barbuda (1981), St. Kitts and Nevis (1983). Presently, the United States, Britain, France and the Netherlands still have some Caribbean possessions. The Caribbean Sea ( Spanish: Mar Caribe; French: Mer des Caraïbes; Haitian Creole: Lanmè Karayib; Jamaican Patois: Kiaribiyan Sii; Dutch: Caraïbische Zee; Papiamento: Laman Karibe) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and southwest, to the north by the Greater Antilles starting with Cuba, to the east by the Lesser Antilles, and to the south by the northern coast of South America. The Gulf of Mexico lies to the northwest. Iturralde-Vinent, Manuel (2004), The first inhabitants of the Caribbean, Cuban Science Network . URL accessed on 28/07/2007 Livi-Bacci, Massimo (June 2006). "The Depopulation of Hispanic America after the Conquest". Population and Development Review. 32 (2): 199–232. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2006.00116.x. ISSN 0098-7921. Archived from the original on 2022-12-19 . Retrieved 2022-12-19. The entire Caribbean Sea area, the West Indies' numerous islands, and adjacent coasts are collectively known as the Caribbean. The Caribbean Sea is one of the largest seas and has an area of about 2,754,000km 2 (1,063,000sqmi). [1] [2] The sea's deepest point is the Cayman Trough, between the Cayman Islands and Jamaica, at 7,686m (25,217ft) below sea level. The Caribbean coastline has many gulfs and bays: the Gulf of Gonâve, the Gulf of Venezuela, the Gulf of Darién, Golfo de los Mosquitos, the Gulf of Paria and the Gulf of Honduras.Caribbean societies are very different from other Western societies in terms of size, culture, and degree of mobility of their citizens. [66] The current economic and political problems the states face individually are common to all Caribbean states. Regional development has contributed to attempts to subdue current problems and avoid projected problems. From a political and economic perspective, regionalism serves to make Caribbean states active participants in current international affairs through collective coalitions. In 1973, the first political regionalism in the Caribbean Basin was created by advances of the English-speaking Caribbean nations through the institution known as the Caribbean Common Market and Community ( CARICOM) [67] which is located in Guyana. Carbide drills are designed to make easy work of the most demanding and hardest materials, where high speed steel and even HSS-Co drills would otherwise falter. They can be used on a variety of surfaces including tool steels and stainless steels as well as aluminium and both hard and soft grey cast iron. They offer the additional benefits of increased speeds and increased feeds along with an improved rigidity and hardness, their only negative aspect is that they are more brittle than HSS and HSS-Co drills. That said though they are far more effective at cutting as well as maintaining sharpness and resisting higher temperatures.