In this grid formulated there are 81 possible outcomes or interactions and there are five extreme positions namely; While OBM and industrial and organizational (IO) psychology both take place in organizational setting, the two areas differ in ways such as theoretical basis, areas of interest/research, research methods, and publication of research. [34] Leadership is a multidimensional approach, this grid shows the different ranges of management behaviors based on the various ways the task oriented and the employee oriented approaches are interacted together. This grid can be illustrated as follows; Figure 2. Management Grid

MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR LAURIE J. MULLINS MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR LAURIE J. MULLINS

Most organisations follow the Maslow hierarchy need theory in the management of their human resources. In the communication giant Vodacom UK this is the approach they use even though it is a modified version of it. The growth of ones career at Vodacom is gradual and they give all their employees the opportunity to achieve the full potential in their areas of expertise. The growth of the employees skills through the frequent training programmes has enabled the company have a workforce which can grow up the ladder and become the leaders of tomorrow thus maintaining the organisations competitiveness in the market. The willingness and the unwillingness of the subordinates to accept responsibility is considered in decision making. The management functions should be well formulated to ensure an effective and efficient implementation mechanism. There should be measurable goals i.e. goals whose success can be determined by the organization, this will boost the innovation, asset utilization and performance improvement. L. Mcshane & M Von Glinow, Organizational Behavior, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi (2005).The organization design sets out the decision making process thus establishing the levels of responsibility and accountability in the organization. The primary focus in safety is to eliminate occupational hazards from the work environment, followed by substitution and engineering controls. Behavioral processes would be best categorized as administrative controls that can promote safety priority and protective behaviors at all levels of an organization. Attitudes: they can be seen as favorable and unfavorable behavior towards an organization, department or persons.

Ch. 1 Introduction - Organizational Behavior | OpenStax

Aubrey C. Daniels; Jon S. Bailey (2014). Performance management: Changing behavior that drives organizational effectiveness (Kennon A. Lattaled.). Wiley Online Library. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) The process of fitting the organizations operational strategy on the organization to make it work is referred to as organization design. It has the following functions in the organization; Motivation to behave in the desired manner. The BBS approach applies the Activator, Behavior, Consequence (ABC) principle to design interventions for improving individual, group, and organizational behavior. Over 40 years of research have demonstrated its efficacy in directing and motivating behavior change. The term technology refers to the extent or degree in which an organization transfers its inputs into outputs. The organizations use these knowhow to produce thus using it as a competitive advantage over the other firms in the same or similar industry. It’s basically important in the flow of information and communication especially if the group members are located in different location within the organization. Documentation and the fast dissemination brought about in the group enables it process the results fast. In the event of conflicts the technology aspect can be applied in the conflict resolution mechanism and it would be great since the information got will not be jeopardized. Conclusion The division of labor approach should be used to ensure there is responsibility when it comes to accountability in the organization.

Authoritarian management; this combination scores high on the production level and the efficiency and scores low on the concern of the people. It is basically task oriented and insists on the quality of the decision over the wishes of the middle level managers and subordinates. In this level the subordinates perform the assigned tasks and in some cases they may be unable or unwilling to put extra effort as long as they achieve the set limits.