Durkin, Philip N. R. (1999). "Root and Branch: Revising the Etymological Component of the Oxford English Dictionary". Transactions of the Philological Society. 97 (1): 1–49. doi: 10.1111/1467-968X.00044. Burchfield emphasized the inclusion of modern-day language and, through the supplement, the dictionary was expanded to include a wealth of new words from the burgeoning fields of science and technology, as well as popular culture and colloquial speech. Burchfield said that he broadened the scope to include developments of the language in English-speaking regions beyond the United Kingdom, including North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, and the Caribbean. Burchfield also removed, for unknown reasons, many entries that had been added to the 1933 supplement. [33] In 2012, an analysis by lexicographer Sarah Ogilvie revealed that many of these entries were in fact foreign loanwords, despite Burchfield's claim that he included more such words. The proportion was estimated from a sample calculation to amount to 17% of the foreign loan words and words from regional forms of English. Some of these had only a single recorded usage, but many had multiple recorded citations, and it ran against what was thought to be the established OED editorial practice and a perception that he had opened up the dictionary to "World English". [34] [35] [36] Revised American edition [ edit ] Murray, James A. H.; Bradley, Henry; Craigie, W. A.; Onions, C. T., eds. (1933). The Oxford English Dictionary; being a corrected re-issue with an introduction, supplement and bibliography of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (1sted.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. The Philological Society. ISBN 0198611013. LCCN a33003399. OCLC 2748467. OL 180268M. a b c d "Dictionary Facts". Oxford English Dictionary Online. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014 . Retrieved 1 June 2014. Winchester, Simon (27 May 2007). "History of the Oxford English Dictionary". TVOntario (Podcast). Big Ideas. Archived from the original ( MP3) on 16 February 2008 . Retrieved 1 December 2007.

The format of the OED 's entries has influenced numerous other historical lexicography projects. The forerunners to the OED, such as the early volumes of the Deutsches Wörterbuch, had initially provided few quotations from a limited number of sources, whereas the OED editors preferred larger groups of quite short quotations from a wide selection of authors and publications. This influenced later volumes of this and other lexicographical works. [6] Entries and relative size [ edit ] Diagram of the types of English vocabulary included in the OED, devised by James Murray, its first editor Part of an entry in the 1991 compact edition, with a centimetre scale showing the very small type sizes used The Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM Version 4.0 Windows/Mac Individual User Version". Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009 . Retrieved 26 December 2013. The following is a brief history of the Oxford English Dictionary, detailing key events since the initial proposal in 1857. By 1989, the NOED project had achieved its primary goals, and the editors, working online, had successfully combined the original text, Burchfield's supplement, and a small amount of newer material, into a single unified dictionary. The word "new" was again dropped from the name, and the second edition of the OED, or the OED2, was published. The first edition retronymically became the OED1.The supplements and their integration into the second edition were a great improvement to the OED as a whole, but it was recognized that most of the entries were still fundamentally unaltered from the first edition. Much of the information in the dictionary published in 1989 was already decades out of date, though the supplements had made good progress towards incorporating new vocabulary. Yet many definitions contained disproven scientific theories, outdated historical information, and moral values that were no longer widely accepted. [48] [49] Furthermore, the supplements had failed to recognize many words in the existing volumes as obsolete by the time of the second edition's publication, meaning that thousands of words were marked as current despite no recent evidence of their use. [50] In 1933, Oxford had finally put the dictionary to rest; all work ended, and the quotation slips went into storage. However, the English language continued to change and, by the time 20 years had passed, the dictionary was outdated. [31]

Version 3.0 was released in 2002 with additional words from the OED3 and software improvements. Version 3.1.1 (2007) added support for hard disk installation, so that the user does not have to insert the CD to use the dictionary. It has been reported that this version will work on operating systems other than Microsoft Windows, using emulation programs. [72] [73] Version 4.0 of the CD has been available since June 2009 and works with Windows 7 and Mac OS X (10.4 or later). [74] This version uses the CD drive for installation, running only from the hard drive. The Concise Oxford Dictionary is a different work, which aims to cover current English only, without the historical focus. The original edition, mostly based on the OED1, was edited by Francis George Fowler and Henry Watson Fowler and published in 1911, before the main work was completed. [84] Revised editions appeared throughout the twentieth century to keep it up to date with changes in English usage.a b Simpson, John (March 2000). "Preface to the Third Edition of the OED". Oxford English Dictionary Online. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014 . Retrieved 1 June 2014. Green, Jonathon; Cape, Jonathan (1996), Chasing the Sun: Dictionary Makers and the Dictionaries They Made (hardcover), ISBN 978-0-224-04010-5

Reading Programme". Oxford English Dictionary Online. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021 . Retrieved 7 June 2014. a b "Preface to the Additions Series (vol. 1): Introduction". Oxford English Dictionary Online. 1993. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008 . Retrieved 16 May 2008.A bold type combination has a significantly different meaning from the sum of its parts, for instance sauna-like is unlike an actual sauna. "Preface to the Second Edition: General explanations: Combinations". Oxford English Dictionary Online. 1989. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008 . Retrieved 16 May 2008. Brewer, Charlotte (28 December 2011). "Which edition contains what?". Examining the OED . Retrieved 7 June 2014. Skapinker, Michael (21 December 2012). "Well-chosen words". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022 . Retrieved 3 June 2018. Accordingly, it was recognized that work on a third edition would have to begin to rectify these problems. [48] The first attempt to produce a new edition came with the Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series, a new set of supplements to complement the OED2 with the intention of producing a third edition from them. [51] The previous supplements appeared in alphabetical instalments, whereas the new series had a full A–Z range of entries within each individual volume, with a complete alphabetical index at the end of all words revised so far, each listed with the volume number which contained the revised entry. [51] Preface to the Second Edition: Introduction: The translation of the phonetic system". Oxford English Dictionary Online. 1989. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008 . Retrieved 16 May 2008.

Gilliver, Peter (2013). "Make, put, run: Writing and rewriting three big verbs in the OED". Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America. 34 (34): 10–23. doi: 10.1353/dic.2013.0009. S2CID 123682722. Neither Murray nor Bradley lived to see it. Murray died in 1915, having been responsible for words starting with A–D, H–K, O–P, and T, nearly half the finished dictionary; Bradley died in 1923, having completed E–G, L–M, S–Sh, St, and W–We. By then, two additional editors had been promoted from assistant work to independent work, continuing without much trouble. William Craigie started in 1901 and was responsible for N, Q–R, Si–Sq, U–V, and Wo–Wy. [19] :xix The OUP had previously thought London too far from Oxford but, after 1925, Craigie worked on the dictionary in Chicago, where he was a professor. [19] :xix [20] The fourth editor was Charles Talbut Onions, who compiled the remaining ranges starting in 1914: Su–Sz, Wh–Wo, and X–Z. [24] Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series Volume 3 ( ISBN 978-0-19-860027-5): Contains 3,000 new words and meanings from around the English-speaking world. Published by Clarendon Press. a b c "Preface to the Second Edition: Introduction: Special features of the Second Edition". Oxford English Dictionary Online. 1989. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008 . Retrieved 16 May 2008.British prime minister Stanley Baldwin described the OED as a "national treasure". [90] Author Anu Garg, founder of Wordsmith.org, has called it a "lex icon". [91] Tim Bray, co-creator of Extensible Markup Language ( XML), credits the OED as the developing inspiration of that markup language. [92] There were three possible ways to update it. The cheapest would have been to leave the existing work alone and simply compile a new supplement of perhaps one or two volumes, but then anyone looking for a word or sense and unsure of its age would have to look in three different places. The most convenient choice for the user would have been for the entire dictionary to be re-edited and retypeset, with each change included in its proper alphabetical place; but this would have been the most expensive option, with perhaps 15 volumes required to be produced. The OUP chose a middle approach: combining the new material with the existing supplement to form a larger replacement supplement. Corrected re-issue Full title of each volume: The Oxford English Dictionary: Being a Corrected Re-issue with an Introduction, Supplement and Bibliography, of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society Vol. a b c d e f Winchester, Simon (1999). The Professor and the Madman. New York: HarperPerennial. ISBN 978-0-06-083978-9. The existence of an electronic version of the Dictionary made other publishing formats possible. In 1987 a CD-ROM of the First Edition was produced, and in 1992 the Second Edition was also published on a single compact disc – a great contrast to the hefty twenty-volume work that took up four feet of shelf space and weighed 150 pounds! CD-ROM publication proved a great success. The digital format revolutionized the way people used the Dictionary to search and retrieve information. Its creation was a window into the technological advancements that the Oxford English Dictionary was to make next. The Oxford English Dictionary today