The properties of the propellant are greatly influenced by the size and shape of its pieces. The specific surface area of the propellant influences the speed of burning, and the size and shape of the particles determine the specific surface area. By manipulation of the shape it is possible to influence the burning rate and hence the rate at which pressure builds during combustion. Smokeless powder burns only on the surfaces of the pieces. Larger pieces burn more slowly, and the burn rate is further controlled by flame-deterrent coatings that retard burning slightly. The intent is to regulate the burn rate so that a more or less constant pressure is exerted on the propelled projectile as long as it is in the barrel so as to obtain the highest velocity. The perforations stabilize the burn rate because as the outside burns inward (thus shrinking the burning surface area) the inside is burning outward (thus increasing the burning surface area, but faster, so as to fill up the increasing volume of barrel presented by the departing projectile). [3] :41–43 Fast-burning pistol powders are made by extruding shapes with more area such as flakes or by flattening the spherical granules. Drying is usually performed under a vacuum. The solvents are condensed and recycled. The granules are also coated with graphite to prevent static electricity sparks from causing undesired ignitions. [6] :306 Despite its name, smokeless powder is not completely free of smoke; [3] :44 while there may be little noticeable smoke from small-arms ammunition, smoke from artillery fire can be substantial. Decoppering additives hinder the buildup of copper residues from the gun barrel rifling. These include tin metal and compounds (e.g., tin dioxide), [7] and bismuth metal and compounds (e.g., bismuth trioxide, bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth nitrate, bismuth antimonide); the bismuth compounds are favored as copper dissolves in molten bismuth, forming brittle and easily removable alloy. Lead foil and lead compounds have been phased out due to toxicity. [15]

Propellants mixtures containing nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin (detonation velocity 7,700m/s (25,260ft/s), RE factor 1.54) as explosive propellant ingredients are known as double-base powder. Alternatively diethylene glycol dinitrate (detonation velocity 6,610m/s (21,690ft/s), RE factor 1.17) can be used as a nitroglycerin replacement when reduced flame temperatures without sacrificing chamber pressure are of importance. [6] :298 Reduction of flame temperature significantly reduces barrel erosion and hence wear. [7] :30 Stabilizers prevent or slow down self-decomposition. These include diphenylamine, petroleum jelly, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate, and beta-Naphthol methyl ether [15] Obsolete stabilizers include amyl alcohol and aniline. [6] Jeff Grubb and Ed Greenwood (1990). Forgotten Realms Adventures. ( TSR, Inc), p. 11. ISBN 0-8803-8828-5. Jeff Grubb (August 1989). “Concordance of Arcane Space”. Spelljammer: AD&D Adventures in Space ( TSR, Inc.), p. 45. ISBN 0-88038-762-9.Ossian Studios (April 2009). Designed by Luke Scull. Neverwinter Nights 2: Mysteries of Westgate. Atari. Continue reading about Baldur’s Gate 3: Broken Effigy and Chamber Of Command. Where To Find Smokepowder Reserve In BG3? Gibbs, Jay (2010). "Question 27/05: "Flashless" Propellant". Warship International. XLVII (3): 217. ISSN 0043-0374.

Across the Realms, many had misconceptions regarding the safety and effectiveness of this substance. It was most often viewed as being unreliable and some form of dangerous or corruptive magic. [36] Smokepowder had a similar reputation among inhabitants of the Demiplane of Dread, especially the Vistani. [39] Notable Users of Smokepowder [ ] If you want to use the smoked tea as a meat rub, crush it into a fine powder and mix it with your other spices. Smokepowder was typically sold and carried within either small wooden powderkegs or in powder horns. [12] A pouch held enough for eighteen shots of an arquebus. [2] [3]Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. ( Wizards of the Coast), p. 264. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5. Davis, William (1981). Handloading. National Rifle Association of America. p.26. ISBN 0-935998-34-9. William W. Connors, Steve Miller, Cindi Rice, David Wise (1998). Champions of the Mists. Edited by Cindi Rice. ( TSR, Inc.), pp. 29–30. ISBN 0-7869-0765-7. Deterrents (or moderants) are used to slow the burning rate. Deterrents include centralites (symmetrical diphenyl urea—primarily diethyl or dimethyl), dibutyl phthalate, dinitrotoluene (toxic and carcinogenic), akardite (asymmetrical diphenyl urea), ortho-Tolyl urethane, :174 and polyester adipate. [15] Camphor was formerly used but is now obsolete. [7] What is on the market today is miles ahead of the Cordite and the Poudre B of yesteryear. The difference is not the base chemicals as much as it is the geometry of the grain and the chemical additives that coat the grain. These additives can act a retardants which slow the burn of the grain, creating a harder to ignite but longer burning grain, or in the case of graphite, create lubricity preventing the clumping of the powder and allowing for uniform metering on loading equipment.

Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams, Rob Heinsoo (June 2001). Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting 3rd edition. ( Wizards of the Coast), pp. 78, 97. ISBN 0-7869-1836-5. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Davis, Tenny L. The Chemistry of Powder & Explosives (1943) Smokeless powder may be corned into small spherical balls or extruded into cylinders or strips with many cross-sectional shapes (strips with various rectangular proportions, single or multi-hole cylinders, slotted cylinders) using solvents such as ether. These extrusions can be cut into short ("flakes") or long pieces ("cords" many inches long). Cannon powder has the largest pieces. [7] :28 [3] :41 Sean K. Reynolds, Duane Maxwell, Angel McCoy (August 2001). Magic of Faerûn. ( Wizards of the Coast), p. 165. ISBN 0-7869-1964-7.

To get inside, you have a couple of options. You can use your senses to find a secret button that opens the door. To substitute liquid smoke with smoked tea, you need to steep the tea in hot water. Pour one or two heaped teaspoons in a half cup of hot water and let it simmer for about five minutes. You can let the leaves simmer longer if you want a more robust flavor. Once you’re satisfied, strain the leaves and add the liquid to your broth. Use the same amount of smoked tea as the liquid smoke you are replacing. Fairfield, A. P., CDR USN (1921). Naval Ordnance. Lord Baltimore Press. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link)

Please Note: Our standard next working day service (where available) is not a guaranteed service. If you need a guaranteed service, please select the pre-noon service. William W. Connors, Steve Miller, Cindi Rice, David Wise (1998). Champions of the Mists. Edited by Cindi Rice. ( TSR, Inc.), p. 29. ISBN 0-7869-0765-7. You can use charcoal smoke on various dishes to get a delicious smoky taste without adding any spice or flavors, but it does better with recipes with added fat as they absorb the smoky flavor better. Such dishes include: To prevent buildup of the deterioration products, stabilizers are added. Diphenylamine is one of the most common stabilizers used. Nitrated analogs of diphenylamine formed in the process of stabilizing decomposing powder are sometimes used as stabilizers themselves. [3] :28 [6] :310 The stabilizers are added in the amount of 0.5–2% of the total amount of the formulation; higher amounts tend to degrade its ballistic properties. The amount of the stabilizer is depleted with time. Propellants in storage should be periodically tested for the amount of stabilizer remaining, [3] :46 as its depletion may lead to auto-ignition of the propellant. [6] :308 Composition [ edit ] This relationship between temperature and pressure holds true once the powder is burning. The start temperature of a propellent can determine how that propellent burns for example freezing propellets that are high in Nitroglycerin, such as Lil’Gun, can result in dangerous pressure spikes as Nitroglycerin burns faster the colder it is.Faster-burning propellants generate higher temperatures and higher pressures, however they also increase wear on gun barrels. [ citation needed]