Pipe cleaners and beads: These can be used to make a pencil topper fidget toy or a desk-top fidget tool. Simply thread the beads onto the pipe cleaners and then attach them to a pencil or place them on a desk.

Balfour, Michael (1979). Propaganda in War, 1939–1945: Organisations, Policies, and Publics, in Britain and Germany. Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-0193-1. Joseph Goebbels with family. Picture 146-1978-086-03". Bundesarchiv. 1940–1942 . Retrieved 9 August 2020. Goebbels knew how to play on Hitler's fantasies, encouraging him to see the hand of providence in the death of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt on 12 April. [251] Whether Hitler really saw this event as a turning point as Goebbels proclaimed is not known. [252] By this time, Goebbels had gained the position he had wanted so long—at Hitler's side. Göring was utterly discredited, although he was not stripped of his offices until 23 April. [253] Himmler, whose appointment as commander of Army Group Vistula had led to disaster on the Oder, was also in disgrace with Hitler. [254] Most of Hitler's inner circle, including Göring, Himmler, Ribbentrop, and Speer, prepared to leave Berlin immediately after Hitler's birthday celebration on 20 April. [255] Even Bormann was "not anxious" to meet his end at Hitler's side. [256] On 22 April, Hitler announced that he would stay in Berlin until the end and then shoot himself. [257] Goebbels moved with his family into the Vorbunker, connected to the lower Führerbunker under the Reich Chancellery garden in central Berlin, that same day. [258] He told Vice-Admiral Hans-Erich Voss that he would not entertain the idea of either surrender or escape. [259] On 23 April, Goebbels made the following proclamation to the people of Berlin: The propaganda ministry was organised into seven departments: administration and legal; mass rallies, public health, youth, and race; radio; national and foreign press; films and film censorship; art, music, and theatre; and protection against counter-propaganda, both foreign and domestic. [133] Goebbels's style of leadership was tempestuous and unpredictable. He would suddenly change direction and shift his support between senior associates; he was a difficult boss and liked to berate his staff in public. [134] Goebbels was successful at his job, however; Life wrote in 1938 that "[p]ersonally he likes nobody, is liked by nobody, and runs the most efficient Nazi department." [135] John Gunther wrote in 1940 that Goebbels "is the cleverest of all the Nazis", but could not succeed Hitler because "everybody hates him". [136]

At the end of June 1934, top officials of the SA and opponents of the regime, including Gregor Strasser, were arrested and killed in a purge later called the Night of Long Knives. Goebbels was present at the arrest of SA leader Ernst Röhm in Munich. [131] On 2 August 1934, President von Hindenburg died. In a radio broadcast, Goebbels announced that the offices of president and chancellor had been combined, and Hitler had been formally named as Führer und Reichskanzler (leader and chancellor). [132] Workings of the Ministry [ edit ] Staff (28 March 1938). "Hitler Takes Austria: Goebbels and Reichsautobahn". Life. Vol.4, no.3. p.20 . Retrieved 28 February 2016. Hull, David Stewart (1969). Film in the Third Reich: A Study of the German Cinema, 1933–1945. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Meanwhile, the Nazi Party began passing laws to marginalise Jews and remove them from German society. The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, passed on 7 April 1933, forced all non- Aryans to retire from the legal profession and civil service. [123] Similar legislation soon deprived Jewish members of other professions of their right to practise. [123] The first Nazi concentration camps (initially created to house political dissenters) were founded shortly after Hitler seized power. [124] In a process termed Gleichschaltung (co-ordination), the Nazi Party proceeded to rapidly bring all aspects of life under control of the party. All civilian organisations, including agricultural groups, volunteer organisations, and sports clubs, had their leadership replaced with Nazi sympathisers or party members. By June 1933, virtually the only organisations not in the control of the Nazi Party were the army and the churches. [125] On 2 June 1933, Hitler appointed Goebbels a Reichsleiter, the second highest political rank in the Nazi Party. [126] On 3 October 1933, on the formation of the Academy for German Law, Goebbels was made a member and given a seat on its executive committee. [127]

When other Nazi leaders urged Hitler to leave Berlin and establish a new centre of resistance in the National Redoubt in Bavaria, Goebbels opposed this, arguing for a heroic last stand in Berlin. [247] His family (except for Magda's son Harald, who had served in the Luftwaffe and been captured by the Allies) moved into their house in Berlin to await the end. [244] He and Magda may have discussed suicide and the fate of their young children in a long meeting on the night of 27 January. [248] He knew how the outside world would view the criminal acts committed by the regime and had no desire to subject himself to the "debacle" of a trial. [249] He burned his private papers on the night of 18 April. [250] Vinogradov, V. K. (2005). Hitler's Death: Russia's Last Great Secret from the Files of the KGB. Chaucer Press. ISBN 978-1-904449-13-3. Partly in response to being excluded from the Committee of Three, Goebbels pressured Hitler to introduce measures that would produce " total war", including closing businesses not essential to the war effort, conscripting women into the labour force, and enlisting men in previously exempt occupations into the Wehrmacht. [211] Some of these measures were implemented in an edict of 13 January, but to Goebbels' dismay, Göring demanded that his favourite restaurants in Berlin should remain open, and Lammers successfully lobbied Hitler to have women with children exempted from conscription, even if they had child care available. [212] After receiving an enthusiastic response to his speech of 30 January 1943 on the topic, Goebbels believed he had the support of the German people in his call for total war. [213] His next speech, the Sportpalast speech of 18 February 1943, was a passionate demand for his audience to commit to total war, which he presented as the only way to stop the Bolshevik onslaught and save the German people from destruction. The speech also had a strong antisemitic element and hinted at the extermination of the Jewish people that was already underway. [214] The speech was presented live on radio and was filmed as well. [215] During the live version of the speech, Goebbels accidentally begins to mention the "extermination" of the Jews; this is omitted in the published text of the speech. [216] Paul Joseph Goebbels ( pronounced [ˈpaʊ̯l ˈjoːzɛf ˈɡœbl̩s] ⓘ; 29 October 1897– 1 May 1945) was a German philologist and Nazi politician who was the Gauleiter (district leader) of Berlin, chief propagandist for the Nazi Party, and then Reich Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 1945. He was one of Adolf Hitler's closest and most devoted followers, known for his skills in public speaking and his deeply virulent antisemitism which was evident in his publicly voiced views. He advocated progressively harsher discrimination, including the extermination of the Jews in the Holocaust. Orbeez are a type of water bead that expands when soaked in water. They can be used in a variety of ways, including as a decoration, in a sensory bin, or even in a science experiment.

BuzzFeed Tasty Search, watch, and cook every single Tasty recipe and video ever - all in one place!If international finance Jewry in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will not be the Bolshevization of the earth and thereby the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe! [177]

Goebbels was particularly interested in controlling the radio, which was then still a fairly new mass medium. [143] Sometimes under protest from individual states (particularly Prussia, headed by Göring), Goebbels gained control of radio stations nationwide, and placed them under the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft (German National Broadcasting Corporation) in July 1934. [144] Manufacturers were urged by Goebbels to produce inexpensive home receivers, called Volksempfänger (people's receiver), and by 1938 nearly ten million sets had been sold. Loudspeakers were placed in public areas, factories, and schools, so that important party broadcasts would be heard live by nearly all Germans. [143] On 2 September 1939 (the day after the start of the war), Goebbels and the Council of Ministers proclaimed it illegal to listen to foreign radio stations. Disseminating news from foreign broadcasts could result in the death penalty. [145] Albert Speer, Hitler's architect and later Minister for Armaments and War Production, later said the regime "made the complete use of all technical means for domination of its own country. Through technical devices like the radio and loudspeaker, 80 million people were deprived of independent thought." [146] Hitler was the focal point at the 1934 Nuremberg Rally. Leni Riefenstahl and her crew are visible in front of the podium. For two further elections held in 1932, Goebbels organised massive campaigns that included rallies, parades, speeches, and Hitler travelling around the country by aeroplane with the slogan "the Führer over Germany". [100] Goebbels wrote in his diary that the Nazis must gain power and exterminate Marxism. [101] He undertook numerous speaking tours during these election campaigns and had some of their speeches published on gramophone records and as pamphlets. Goebbels was also involved in the production of a small collection of silent films that could be shown at party meetings, though they did not yet have enough equipment to widely use this medium. [102] [103] Many of Goebbels' campaign posters used violent imagery such as a giant half-clad male destroying political opponents or other perceived enemies such as "International High Finance". [104] His propaganda characterised the opposition as " November criminals", "Jewish wire-pullers", or a communist threat. [105] Support for the party continued to grow, but neither of these elections led to a majority government. In an effort to stabilise the country and improve economic conditions, Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Reich chancellor on 30 January 1933. [106] The ban on the Nazi Party was lifted before the Reichstag elections on 20 May 1928. [75] The Nazi Party lost nearly 100,000 voters and earned only 2.6 per cent of the vote nationwide. Results in Berlin were even worse, where they attained only 1.4 per cent of the vote. [76] Goebbels was one of the first 12 Nazi Party members to gain election to the Reichstag. [76] This gave him immunity from prosecution for a long list of outstanding charges, including a three-week jail sentence he received in April for insulting the deputy police chief Weiß. [77] The Reichstag changed the immunity regulations in February 1931, and Goebbels was forced to pay fines for libellous material he had placed in Der Angriff over the course of the previous year. [78] Goebbels continued to be elected to the Reichstag at every subsequent election during the Weimar and Nazi regimes. [79]Goebbels was educated at a Gymnasium, where he completed his Abitur (university entrance examination) in 1917. [8] He was the top student of his class and was given the traditional honour to speak at the awards ceremony. [9] His parents initially hoped that he would become a Catholic priest, which Goebbels seriously considered. [10] He studied literature and history at the universities of Bonn, Würzburg, Freiburg, and Munich, [11] aided by a scholarship from the Albertus Magnus Society. [12] By this time Goebbels had begun to distance himself from the church. [13]