Public Health England (2020). National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS): Results from years 9 to 11 of the Rolling Programme (2016 to 2017 and 2018 to 2019). Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/ndns-results-from-years-9-to-11-2016-to-2017-and-2018-to-2019 (accessed 18 January 2021).

Excess iodine consumption is well-tolerated in the majority of people but could result in thyroid dysfunction for those who are susceptible ( 7). Wakame Kombu kelp can contain up to 2,984 mcg of iodine per seaweed sheet (1 gram). This provides almost 2,000% of the recommended daily intake ( 6). Dineva, M., H. Fishpool, M. P. Rayman, J. Mendis and S. C. Bath (2020). "Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of iodine supplementation on thyroid function and child neurodevelopment in mildly-to-moderately iodine-deficient pregnant women." Am J Clin Nutr 112(2): 389-412. Iodine in supplements should be in the form of “potassium iodide” or “potassium iodate” and should not exceed the daily adult requirement of 150 mcg

Chemistry in its element: iodine

Bath, S. C., J. Verkaik-Kloosterman, M. Sabatier, S. Ter Borg, A. Eilander, K. Hora, B. Aksoy, N. Hristozova, L. van Lieshout, H. Tanju Besler and J. H. Lazarus (2022). "A systematic review of iodine intake in children, adults, and pregnant women in Europe-comparison against dietary recommendations and evaluation of dietary iodine sources." Nutr Rev.

Wakame is another type of brown seaweed that is slightly sweet in flavor. It is commonly used to make miso soup. I then reacted the solution with potassium iodide in a conical flask before titrating it with sodium thiosulfate.: Given the large size of the iodide anion and iodine's weak oxidising power, high oxidation states are difficult to achieve in binary iodides, the maximum known being in the pentaiodides of niobium, tantalum, and protactinium. Iodides can be made by reaction of an element or its oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate with hydroiodic acid, and then dehydrated by mildly high temperatures combined with either low pressure or anhydrous hydrogen iodide gas. These methods work best when the iodide product is stable to hydrolysis. Other syntheses include high-temperature oxidative iodination of the element with iodine or hydrogen iodide, high-temperature iodination of a metal oxide or other halide by iodine, a volatile metal halide, carbon tetraiodide, or an organic iodide. For example, molybdenum(IV) oxide reacts with aluminium(III) iodide at 230°C to give molybdenum(II) iodide. An example involving halogen exchange is given below, involving the reaction of tantalum(V) chloride with excess aluminium(III) iodide at 400°C to give tantalum(V) iodide: [55] 3 TaCl 5 + 5 AlI 3 ( excess ) ⟶ 3 TaI 5 + 5 AlCl 3 {\displaystyle {\ce {3TaCl5 + {\underset {(excess)}{5AlI3}}-> 3TaI5 + 5AlCl3}}} Iodine is found in a range of foods, the richest sources being fish, milk and dairy products. In general, white fish contains more iodine than oily fish.Stevenson, M. C., C. Drake and D. I. Givens (2018). "Further studies on the iodine concentration of conventional, organic and UHT semi-skimmed milk at retail in the UK." Food Chem 239: 551-555. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommendations Before and during pregnancy and breastfeeding If choosing a plant-based milk alternative drink (e.g. soya/oat) choose a product that is fortified with iodine The iodine content in nori varies between 16–43 mcg per gram, or about 11–29% of the daily value ( 8, 9). Food Standards Agency (2008). Retail Survey of Iodine in UK produced dairy foods. FSIS 02/08. Available at: http://tna.europarchive.org/20140306205048/http://www.food.gov.uk/science/research/surveillance/fsisbranch2008/fsis0208 (Accessed: 29 April 2015).

I used it five times a week starting out. After the nail was once again normal, I started using it about once a week for maintenance and prevention. I don’t want ugly toenails ever again. Seaweed is one of the best natural sources of iodine. However, the amount can vary significantly based on seaweed type, the region in which it grew and its preparation ( 5). Seaweed or kelp supplements should not be used as an iodine source. The amount of iodine in such supplements can vary considerably from the value claimed on the label and can provide excessive quantities of iodineWe can thank Napoleon for the discovery of iodine. His role was indirect, though. You may remember that Napoleon was ambitious. He wanted to dominate Europe. The Napoleonic wars lasted, off and on, from 1803 until 1815. The French were fighting Britain, Sweden, Russia, Naples, Prussia, Sicily, Austria, Portugal, Spain and a few countries we have probably forgotten.